Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950-2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017

• Autor(a) principal: Michele Nguyen
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Outros Autores: Trang Huyen Nguyen, Rajaa m Al-raddadi, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Yirga Legesse Nirayo, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Molly r Nixon, Nomonde Nolutshungu, Shuhei Nomura, Ole f Norheim, Mehdi Noroozi, Tomislav Mestrovic, Sun ha Jee, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Ravi Prakash Jha, Vivekanand Jha, John s ji, Akram Pourshams, Sarah Charlotte Johnson, Jost b Jonas, Sayem Ahmed, Ankur Joshi, Haftay Berhane Mezgebe, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Suresh Banayya Jungari, Mikk Jürisson, Madhanraj k, Zubair Kabir, Rajendra Kadel, Hossein Poustchi, Amaha Kahsay, Molla Kahssay, Rizwan Kalani, Yode Miangotar, Solomon m Abay, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Umesh Kapil, Manoochehr Karami, Behzad Karami Matin, André Karch, Corine Karema, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Narges Karimi, Seyed m Karimi, Bartosz Miazgowski, Hamidreza Karimi-sari, Amir Kasaeian, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Amani Nidhal Aichour, Tesfaye Dessale Kassa, Zemenu Yohannes Kassa, Nicholas j Kassebaum, Marzieh Katibeh, v Prakash, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Reza Alizadeh-navaei, Anil Kaul, Norito Kawakami, Hossein Kazemeini, Zhila Kazemi, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Ibtihel Aichour, Prakash k c, Seifu Kebede, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Swayam Prakash, Tomasz Miazgowski, Grant Rodgers Kemp, Andre Pascal Kengne, Andre Keren, Maia Kereselidze, Yousef Saleh Khader, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Alireza Khajavi, Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour, Nauman Khalid, Ibrahim a Khalil, Ted r Miller, Nahla Hamed Anber, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Gulfaraz Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Muhammad Ali Khan, Young-ho Khang, Tripti Khanna, Mona m Khater, Alireza Khatony, Ali s Akanda, g k Mini, Habibolah Khazaie, Narayan Prasad, Abdullah t Khoja, Ardeshir Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Jagdish Khubchandani, Aliasghar a Kiadaliri, Getiye d Dejenu Kibret, Cho-il Kim, Daniel Kim, Andreea Mirica, Jun y Kim, Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari, Mostafa Qorbani, Young-eun Kim, Ruth w Kimokoti, Yohannes Kinfu, Sanjay Kinra, Adnan Kisa, Katarzyna Kissimova-skarbek, Niranjan Kissoon, Erkin m Mirrakhimov, Mika Kivimäki, Marcus e Kleber, Luke d Knibbs, d Alex Quistberg, Mohammed Akibu, Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen, Sonali Kochhar, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Tufa Kolola, Jacek a Kopec, Afarin Rahimi-movaghar, Sasa Rajsic, Margaret n Kosek, Soewarta Kosen, Parvaiz a Koul, ai Koyanagi, Amir Radfar, Michael a Kravchenko, Rufus Olusola Akinyemi, Kewal Krishan, Sanjay Krishnaswami, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Awoke Temesgen Misganaw, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Andreas a Kudom, Ernst j Kuipers, Xie Rachel Kulikoff, g Anil Kumar, Anwar Rafay, Manasi Kumar, Pushpendra Kumar, Tomi Akinyemiju, Fekede Asefa Kumsa, Babak Moazen, Michael j Kutz, Sheetal d Lad, Alessandra Lafranconi, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Ratilal Lalloo, Hilton Lam, Alireza Rafiei, Faris Hasan Lami, Qing Lan, Sinéad m Langan, Nurilign Abebe Moges, Nadia Akseer, Van c Lansingh, Sonia Lansky, Heidi Jane Larson, Dennis Odai Laryea, Zohra s Lassi, Arman Latifi, Fakher Rahim, Pablo m Lavados, Avula Laxmaiah, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Jeffrey v Lazarus, Georgy Lebedev, Cristiana Abbafati, Fares Alahdab, Paul h Lee, James Leigh, Cheru Tesema Leshargie, Samson Leta, Kazem Rahimi, Miriam Levi, Moslem Mohammadi, Shanshan li, Yichong li, Xiaohong li, Juan Liang, Xiaofeng Liang, Ziyad Al-aly, Misgan Legesse Liben, Lee-ling Lim, Stephen s Lim, Nooshin Abbasi, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Noushin Mohammadifard, Maryam Mohammadi-khanaposhtani, Miteku Andualem Limenih, Mousa Mohammadnia-afrouzi, bo Norrving, Sree Bhushan Raju, Shafiu Mohammed, Mohammed a Mohammed, Viswanathan Mohan, Ali h Mokdad, Mariam Molokhia, Lorenzo Monasta, Ghobad Moradi, Shai Linn, Ala'a Alkerwi, Mahmoudreza Moradi, Maziar Moradi-lakeh, Usha Ram, Mehdi Moradinazar, Paula Moraga, Lidia Morawska, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Joana Morgado-da-costa, Shane Douglas Morrison, Shiwei Liu, Abbas Mosapour, Marilita m Moschos, François Alla, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Achenef Asmamaw Muche, Kindie Fentahun Muchie, Ulrich Otto Mueller, Satinath Mukhopadhyay, Erin c Mullany, Yang Liu, Kate Muller, Manoj Murhekar, Tasha b Murphy, g v s Murthy, Peter Allebeck, Sofia Androudi, Srinivas Murthy, Jonah Musa, Kamarul Imran Musa, Ghulam Mustafa, Rakesh Lodha, Saravanan Muthupandian, Jean b Nachega, Gabriele Nagel, Mohsen Naghavi, Aliya Naheed, Azin Nahvijou, Prabhat Ranjan, Christine a Allen, Gurudatta Naik, Sanjeev Nair, Giancarlo Logroscino, Farid Najafi, Vinay Nangia, Jobert Richie Nansseu, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Haseeb Nawaz, Busisiwe p Ncama, Nahid Neamati, Anna Ranta, Ionut Negoi, Jordi Alonso, Chris Lonsdale, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Subas Neupane, Charles Richard James Newton, Frida n Ngalesoni, Josephine w Ngunjiri, ha Thu Nguyen, Huong Thanh Nguyen, Davide Rasella, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Khurshid Alam, Sarah e Ray, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Christian Razo-garcía, Maria Albertina Santiago Rego, Jürgen Rehm, Robert c Reiner, Megbaru Debalkie Animut, Nickolas Reinig, Cesar Reis, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Scott a Lorch, Andre m n Renzaho, Serge Resnikoff, Ubai Alsharif, Long Hoang Nguyen, Satar Rezaei, Danieldicker, Jemal Abdela, Krishna k Aryal, Joan b Soriano, Ireneous n Soyiri, Stefan Lorkowski, Luciano a Sposato, Chandrashekhar t Sreeramareddy, Vinay Srinivasan, Hamid Reza Nouri, Rakesh Kumar Srivastava, Vladimir i Starodubov, Vasiliki Stathopoulou, Nicholas Steel, Dan j Stein, Mohsen Asadi-lari, Vafa Rahimi-movaghar, Caitlyn Steiner, Leo g Stewart, Mark a Stokes, Agus Sudaryanto, Malihe Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Gerhard Sulo, Bruno f Sunguya, Patrick John Sur, Ipsita Sutradhar, Paulo a Lotufo, Bryan l Sykes, Hamid Asayesh, p n Sylaja, Dillon o Sylte, Cassandra e i Szoeke, Mohammad Reza Nowroozi, Rafael Tabarés-seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla, Ken Takahashi, Rafael Lozano, Nikhil Tandon, Aberash Abay Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel Tassew, Ephrem Tsegay Asfaw, Mohammad Tavakkoli, Nuno Taveira, Elaine o Nsoesie, Nega Yimer Tawye, Arash Tehrani-banihashemi, Tigist Gashaw Tekalign, Tim c d Lucas, Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle, Habtamu Temesgen, Mohamad-hani Temsah, Omar Temsah, Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi, Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom, Manaye Yihune Teshale, Peter s Nyasulu, Belay Tessema, Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin, Raimundas Lunevicius, Jarnail Singh Thakur, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Sathish Thirunavukkarasu, Laura Anne Thomas, Nihal Thomas, Amanda g Thrift, Binyam Tilahun, Reza Assadi, Richard Ofori-asenso, Quyen g to, Ronan a Lyons, Ruoyan Tobe-gai, Marcello Tonelli, Roman Topor-madry, Fotis Topouzis, Anna e Torre, Miguel Tortajada-girbés, Marcos Roberto Tovani-palone, Jeffrey a Towbin, Bach Xuan Tran, Okechukwu Samuel Ogah, Stefan ma, Zerihun Ataro, Khanh Bao Tran, Suryakant Tripathi, Srikanth Prasad Tripathy, Thomas Clement Truelsen, nu Thi Truong, Afewerki Gebremeskel Tsadik, Nikolaos Tsilimparis, Lorainne Tudor Car, e Murat Tuzcu, Crispin Mabika, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Stefanos Tyrovolas, Tesfay Mehari Mehari Atey, Kingsley Nnanna Ukwaja, Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Shariq Usman, Olalekan a Uthman, Selen Begüm Uzun, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Afsane Vaezi, Erlyn Rachelle King Macarayan, Gaurang Vaidya, In-hwan oh, Pascual r Valdez, Elena Varavikova, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Santosh Varughese, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Ana Maria Nogales Vasconcelos, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Ramesh Vidavalur, Animut Alebel, Santos Villafaina, Francesco s Violante, Anselm Okoro, Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov, Vasily Vlassov, Stein Emil Vollset, Suleman Atique, Theo Vos, Kia Vosoughi, Isidora s Vujcic, Mark t Mackay, Gregory r Wagner, Fasil Wagnew Shiferaw Wagnew, Yasir Waheed, Khalid Altirkawi, Yanping Wang, Yuan-pang Wang, Molla Mesele Wassie, Elisabete Weiderpass, Ahmed Abdelalim, Sachin r Atre, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Robert g Weintraub, Daniel j Weiss, Jordan Weiss, Fitsum Weldegebreal, Olanrewaju Oladimeji, Kidu Gidey Weldegwergs, Andrea Werdecker, Shahab Rezaeian, Mohammad Sadegh Rezai, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Emilie r Maddison, Antonio Luiz p Ribeiro, Mina Anjomshoa, Horacio Riojas, Maria Jesus Rios-blancas, Kedir Teji Roba, Andrew t Olagunju, Stephen r Robinson, Leonardo Roever, Luca Ronfani, Gholamreza Roshandel, Ralph Maddison, Denis o Roshchin, Ali Rostami, Dietrich Rothenbacher, Degefaye Zelalem Anlay, Enrico Rubagotti, George Mugambage Ruhago, Tinuke o Olagunju, Soheil Saadat, Yogesh Damodar Sabde, Perminder s Sachdev, Fabiana Madotto, Basema Saddik, Ehsan Sadeghi, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Hosein Safari, Yahya Safari, Foad Abd-allah, Hossein Ansari, Pedro r Olivares, Roya Safari-faramani, Mahdi Safdarian, Hassan Magdy Abd el Razek, Sare Safi, Saeid Safiri, Rajesh Sagar, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Haniye Sadat Sajadi, Mohamadreza Salahshoor, Nasir Salam, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Ansariadi Ansariadi, Muhammed Magdy Abd el Razek, Joseph s Salama, Payman Salamati, Raphael de Freitas Saldanha, Yahya Salimi, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Inbal Salz, Evanson Zondani Sambala, Abdallah m Samy, Juan Sanabria, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Dhaval p Maghavani, Maria Dolores Sanchez-niño, Mustafa Geleto Ansha, Itamar s Santos, João Vasco Santos, Milena m Santric Milicevic, Bruno Piassi de São José, Mayank Sardana, Abdur Razzaque Sarker, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Benn Sartorius, Marek Majdan, Sok King Ong, Shahabeddin Sarvi, Brijesh Sathian, Carl Abelardo t Antonio, Maheswar Satpathy, Miloje Savic, Arundhati r Sawant, Monika Sawhney, Sonia Saxena, Mehdi Sayyah, Reza Majdzadeh, Vinod Scaria, John Nelson Opio, Elke Schaeffner, Kathryn Schelonka, Maria Inês Schmidt, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Ione j c Schneider, Ben Schöttker, Aletta Elisabeth Schutte, David c Schwebel, Azeem Majeed, Falk Schwendicke, James g Scott, Eyal Oren, Mario Sekerija, Sadaf g Sepanlou, Edson Serván-mori, Hosein Shabaninejad, Olatunde Aremu, Katya Anne Shackelford, Azadeh Shafieesabet, Alicia v Aleman, Amira a Shaheen, Masood Ali Shaikh, Raad a Shakir, Justin r Ortiz, Mehran Shams-beyranvand, Mohammadbagher Shamsi, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Heidar Sharafi, Kiomars Sharafi, Habtamu Abera Areri, Mahfuzar Rahman, Mehdi Sharif, Mahdi Sharif-alhoseini, Meenakshi Sharma, Jayendra Sharma, Nelson Alvis-guzman, Rajesh Sharma, Jun She, Aziz Sheikh, Kevin n Sheth, Peilin Shi, Reza Malekzadeh, Kenji Shibuya, Johan Ärnlöv, Girma Temam Shifa, Mekonnen Sisay Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Alberto Ortiz, Rahman Shiri, Reza Shirkoohi, Ivy Shiue, Farhad Shokraneh, Manzoor Ahmad Malik, Mark g Shrime, Sharvari Rahul Shukla, si si, Megha Arora, Soraya Siabani, Tariq j Siddiqi, Erika Ota, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir, Naris Silpakit, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, João Pedro Silva, Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira, Narayana Sarma Venkata Singam, Jasvinder a Singh, al Artaman, Virendra Singh, Stanislav s Otstavnov, Ronny Westerman, Harvey a Whiteford, Abdullah a Mamun, Justyna Widecka, Katarzyna Widecka, Madhu Sudhan Atteraya, Tissa Wijeratne, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Charles d a Wolfe, Sintayehu Ambachew Wondemagegn, Simon Øverland, Shouling wu, Wondimu Ayele Manamo, Grant m a Wyper, Gelin xu, Rajaram Yadav, Bereket Yakob, Engi f Attia, Tomohide Yamada, Lijing l Yan, Yuichiro Yano, Mehdi Yaseri, Mayowa Ojo Owolabi, Ana-laura Manda, Yasin Jemal Yasin, Pengpeng ye, Jamal a Yearwood, Gökalp Kadri Yentür, Alex Yeshaneh, Ebrahim m Yimer, Marcel Ausloos, Paul Yip, Engida Yisma, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Abayomi Samuel Oyekale, Seok-jun Yoon, Hunter w York, Marcel Yotebieng, Mustafa z Younis, Mahmoud Yousefifard, Chuanhua yu, Geevar Zachariah, Leticia Avila-burgos, Vesna Zadnik, Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani, Shamsa Zafar, Mahesh p a, Zoubida Zaidi, Sojib Bin Zaman, Mohammad Zamani, Zohreh Zare, Hajo Zeeb, Mulugeta Molla Zeleke, Zerihun Menlkalew Zenebe, Taddese Alemu Zerfu, Chabila Christopher Mapoma, Euripide f g a Avokpaho, Kai Zhang, Rosana Pacella, Xueying Zhang, Maigeng Zhou, Jun Zhu, Sanjay Zodpey, Inbar Zucker, Liesl Joanna j Zuhlke, Alan d Lopez, Dadi Marami, Emmanuela Gakidou, Christopher j l Murray, Ashish Awasthi, Smita Pakhale, Baffour Awuah, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Henok Tadesse Ayele, Omar Abdel-rahman, Yohanes Ayele, Rakesh Ayer, Mohammad Hifz ur Rahman, Tambe b Ayuk, Peter s Azzopardi, Natasha Azzopardi-muscat, Hamid Badali, Abhijit p Pakhare, Alaa Badawi, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Ayele Geleto Bali, Maciej Banach, Alireza Abdi, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Amrit Banstola, Aleksandra Barac, Miguel a Barboza, Simon Barquera, Lope h Barrero, Hedayat Abbastabar, Huda Basaleem, Quique Bassat, Arindam Basu, Sanjay Basu, Joemer c Maravilla, Bernhard t Baune, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Shahrzad Bazargan-hejazi, Neeraj Bedi, Ettore Beghi, Masoud Behzadifar, Azmeraw t Amare, Meysam Behzadifar, Yannick Béjot, Bayu Begashaw Bekele, Wagner Marcenes, Abate Bekele Belachew, Aregawi Gebreyesus Belay, Ezra Belay, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Saba Abraham Belay, Yihalem Abebe Belay, Michelle l Bell, Adrian Pana, Aminu k Bello, Derrick a Bennett, Shakhnazarova Marina, Isabela m Bensenor, Adugnaw Berhane, Adam e Berman, Eduardo Bernabe, Robert s Bernstein, Ahmed Abdulahi Abdurahman, Gregory j Bertolacci, Mircea Beuran, Basant Kumar Panda, Tina Beyranvand, Jose Martinez-raga, Neeraj Bhala, Eesh Bhatia, Samir Bhatt, Suraj Bhattarai, Soumyadeeep Bhaumik, Zulfiqar a Bhutta, Belete Biadgo, Haftom Temesgen Abebe, Ali Bijani, Songhomitra Panda-jonas, Sheila c o Martins, Boris Bikbov, Nigus Bililign, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin Sayeed, Sait Mentes Birlik, Charles Birungi, Donal Bisanzio, Tuhin Biswas, Tone Bjørge, Archie Bleyer, Molla Abebe, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-melo, Achyut Raj Pandey, Anju Pradhan Sinha, Dhirendra Narain Sinha, Freddy Sitas, Vegard Skirbekk, Karen Sliwa, Adauto Martins Soares Filho, Badr Hasan Sobaih, Soheila Sobhani, Moslem Soofi, Winfried März, Berrak Bora Basara, Jeyaraj Durai Pandian, Dipan Bose, Cristina Bosetti, Soufiane Boufous, Rupert Bourne, Oliver j Brady, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Luisa c Brant, Alexandra Brazinova, Melvin b Marzan, Nicholas j k Breitborde, Zegeye Abebe, Andrea Parisi, Hermann Brenner, Gabrielle Britton, Traolach Brugha, Kristin e Burke, Reinhard Busse, Zahid a Butt, Lucero Cahuana-hurtado, Tivani Phosa Mashamba-thompson, Charlton s k h Callender, Ismael r Campos-nonato, Julio Cesar Campuzano Rincon, Eun-kee Park, Grant Nguyen, Teshome Abuka Abebo, Jorge Cano, Mate Car, Rosario Cárdenas, Giulia Carreras, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Juan j Carrero, Austin Carter, Félix Carvalho, Carlos a Castañeda-orjuela, Charles d h Parry, Jacqueline Castillo Rivas, Franz Castro, Victor Aboyans, Ferrán Catalá-lópez, Alanur Çavlin, Felix Masiye, Ester Cerin, Yazan Chaiah, Ana Paula Champs, Hsing-yi Chang, Jung-chen Chang, Hadi Parsian, Aparajita Chattopadhyay, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Wanqing Chen, Haftom Niguse Abraha, Ayman Al-eyadhy, Peggy Pei-chia Chiang, Odgerel Chimed-ochir, Ken Lee Chin, Vesper Hichilombwe Chisumpa, Abdulaal Chitheer, Jee-young j Choi, Shanti Patel, Hanne Christensen, Devasahayam j Christopher, Sheng-chia Chung, Benjamin Ballard Massenburg, Flavia m Cicuttini, Aklilu Roba Abrham, Liliana g Ciobanu, Massimo Cirillo, Rafael m Claro, Aaron j Cohen, Daniel Collado-mateo, Erfan Amini, Maria-magdalena Constantin, Sara Conti, Pallab k Maulik, Cyrus Cooper, Leslie Trumbull Cooper, Paolo Angelo Cortesi, Laith Jamal Abu-raddad, Monica Cortinovis, Ewerton Cousin, Michael h Criqui, Elizabeth a Cromwell, Ajay Patle, Christopher Stephen Crowe, Mohsen Mazidi, John a Crump, Alexandra Cucu, Matthew Cunningham, Alemneh Kabeta Daba, Berihun Assefa Dachew, Niveen me Abu-rmeileh, Abel Fekadu Dadi, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Scott b Patten, John j Mcgrath, Anh Kim Dang, Paul i Dargan, Ahmad Daryani, Siddharth k Das, Rajat Das Gupta, José Das Neves, Tamirat Tesfaye Dasa, Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi, Aditya Prasad Dash, Nicole Davis Weaver, Martin Mckee, George c Patton, Dragos Virgil Davitoiu, Kairat Davletov, Anand Dayama, Barbora de Courten, Fernando Pio de la Hoz, Diego de Leo, Jan-walter de Neve, Meaza Girma Degefa, Pawan Acharya, Suresh Mehata, Louisa Degenhardt, Deepak Paudel, Tizta t Degfie, Selina Deiparine, Robert p Dellavalle, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Balem Betsu Demtsu, Edgar Denova-gutiérrez, Kebede Deribe, Nikolaos Dervenis, Sanjay Madhav Mehendale, Don c Des Jarlais, Oladimeji m Adebayo, Neil Pearce, Getenet Ayalew Dessie, Subhojit Dey, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Meghnath Dhimal, Eric l Ding, Shirin Djalalinia, David Teye Doku, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Kate a Dolan, Christl a Donnelly, e Ray Dorsey, Emmanuel k Peprah, Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji, Dirk Douwes-schultz, Kerrie e Doyle, Thomas m Drake, Tim Robert Driscoll, Manisha Dubey, Sajjad ur Rahman, Eyasu Ejeta Duken, Bruce b Duncan, Andre r Duraes, Hedyeh Ebrahimi, Alexandre Pereira, Degu Abate, Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin, Soheil Ebrahimpour, Dumessa Edessa, David Edvardsson, Ravi Mehrotra, Anne Elise Eggen, Charbel el Bcheraoui, Maysaa el Sayed Zaki, Mohammed Elfaramawi, Ziad El-khatib, David m Pereira, Christian Lycke Ellingsen, Iqbal r f Elyazar, Victor Adekanmbi, Ahmadali Enayati, Kala m Mehta, Aman Yesuf Yesuf Endries, Benjamin er, Sergey Petrovich Ermakov, Babak Eshrati, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Reza Esmaeili, Krystle m Perez, Alireza Esteghamati, Sadaf Esteghamati, Mahdi Fakhar, Raghib Ali, Olatunji o Adetokunboh, Hamed Fakhim, Tamer Farag, Mahbobeh Faramarzi, Mohammad Fareed, Farzaneh Farhadi, Talha a Farid, Norberto Perico, Carla Sofia e sá Farinha, Andrea Farioli, Varshil Mehta, Andre Faro, Maryam s Farvid, Beyene Meressa Adhena, Farshad Farzadfar, Mohammad Hosein Farzaei, Mir Sohail Fazeli, Valery l Feigin, Andrea b Feigl, Walid Ammar, Fariba Feizy, Tesfa Mekonen, Netsanet Fentahun, Seyed-mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Joao c Fernandes, Tara Ballav Adhikari, Garumma Tolu Feyissa, Daniel Obadare Fijabi, Irina Filip, Samuel Finegold, Aslam Pervaiz, Tefera Chane Mekonnen, Florian Fischer, Luisa Sorio Flor, Nataliya a Foigt, John a Ford, Kyle j Foreman, Carla Fornari, Mina g Adib, Tahvi d Frank, Richard Charles Franklin, Takeshi Fukumoto, Hagazi Gebre Meles, Konrad Pesudovs, John e Fuller, Nancy Fullman, Thomas Fürst, João m Furtado, Neal d Futran, Adriana Galan, Silvano Gallus, Arsène Kouablan Adou, Ketevan Gambashidze, Kidanu Gebremariam Meles, Amiran Gamkrelidze, William a Petri, Fortune Gbetoho Gankpe, Alberto l Garcia-basteiro, Miguel a Garcia-gordillo, Teshome Gebre, Abadi Kahsu Gebre, Gebremedhin Berhe Gebregergs, Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot, Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin, Addisu Melese, Jose c Adsuar, Tilayie Feto Gelano, Max Petzold, Yalemzewod Assefa Gelaw, Johanna m Geleijnse, Ricard Genova-maleras, Bradford d Gessner, Sefonias Getachew, Peter w Gething, Kebede Embaye Gezae, Mulugeta Melku, Mohammad Rasoul Ghadami, Reza Ghadimi, Mohsen Afarideh, Michael r Phillips, Khalil Ghasemi Falavarjani, Maryam Ghasemi-kasman, Hesam Ghiasvand, Mamata Ghimire, Aloke Gopal Ghoshal, Paramjit Singh Gill, Rajesh Kumar Rai, Tiffany k Gill, Richard f Gillum, Giorgia Giussani, Shifalika Goenka, David m Pigott, Ashkan Afshin, Srinivas Goli, Ricardo Santiago Gomez, Mari Carmen Gomez-cabrera, Hector Gómez-dantés, Peter t n Memiah, Philimon n Gona, Amador Goodridge, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Atsushi Goto, Alessandra c Goulart, Julian David Pillay, Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, Gina Agarwal, Ayman Grada, Ziad a Memish, Giuseppe Grosso, Harish Chander Gugnani, Andre Luiz Sena Guimaraes, Yuming Guo, Prakash c Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Rajeev Gupta, Tanush Gupta, Bishal Gyawali, Walter Mendoza, Eleonora Dubljanin, Rakesh Aggarwal, Juanita a Haagsma, Vladimir Hachinski, Nima Hafezi-nejad, Tekleberhan b Hagos, Tewodros Tesfa Hailegiyorgis, Farhad Pishgar, Gessessew Bugssa Hailu, Arya Haj-mirzaian, Mehran Alijanzadeh, Arvin Haj-mirzaian, Randah r Hamadeh, Samer Hamidi, Sargis Aghasi Aghayan, Alexis j Handal, Graeme j Hankey, Hilda l Harb, Sivadasanpillai Harikrishnan, Dietrich Plass, Hamidreza Haririan, Desalegn Tadese Mengistu, Josep Maria Haro, Mehedi Hasan, Hadi Hassankhani, Hamid Yimam Hassen, Rasmus Havmoeller, Sutapa Agrawal, Roderick j Hay, Simon i Hay, Yihua he, Yaw Ampem Amoako, Getnet Mengistu, Akbar Hedayatizadeh-omran, Mohamed i Hegazy, Behzad Heibati, Mohsen Heidari, Delia Hendrie, Andualem Henok, Nathaniel j Henry, Anurag Agrawal, Ileana Heredia-pi, Claudiu Herteliu, George a Mensah, Suzanne Polinder, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Pouria Heydarpour, Sousan Heydarpour, Desalegn Tsegaw Hibstu, Hans w Hoek, Michael k Hole, Enayatollah Homaie Rad, Praveen Hoogar, Mehdi Ahmadi, Seid Tiku Mereta, Masako Horino, Constance Dimity Pond, h Dean Hosgood, Seyed Mostafa Hosseini, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Sorin Hostiuc, Mihaela Hostiuc, Peter j Hotez, Damian g Hoy, Mohamed Hsairi, Atte Meretoja, Aung Soe Htet, Alireza Ahmadi, Svetlana Popova, Guoqing hu, John j Huang, Abdullatif Husseini, Mohammedaman Mama Hussen, Susan Hutfless, Kim Moesgaard Iburg, Ehimario u Igumbor, Tuomo j Meretoja, Chad Thomas Ikeda, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Usman Iqbal, Maarten j Postma, Hamid Ahmadieh, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Oluwaseyi Oluwakemi Isehunwa, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Farhad Islami, Leila Jahangiry, Fatemeh Rajati, Nader Jahanmehr, Rajesh Jain, Sudhir Kumar Jain, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Farshad Pourmalek, Spencer l James, Mohamed Lemine Cheikh Brahim Ahmed, Mehdi Javanbakht, Sudha Jayaraman, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFMG
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/52018; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8214-5734
• topic: Carga Global de Doenças; Estudo de Fatores de Risco; Mortalidade; Expectativa de vida; Registros de mortalidade; Expetativa de vida ativa; Fatores de risco; Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida

Background Assessments of age-specific mortality and life expectancy have been done by the UN Population Division, Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UNPOP), the United States Census Bureau, WHO, and as part of previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Previous iterations of the GBD used population estimates from UNPOP, which were not derived in a way that was internally consistent with the estimates of the numbers of deaths in the GBD. The present iteration of the GBD, GBD 2017, improves on previous assessments and provides timely estimates of the mortality experience of populations globally.Methods The GBD uses all available data to produce estimates of mortality rates between 1950 and 2017 for 23 age groups, both sexes, and 918 locations, including 195 countries and territories and subnational locations for 16 countries. Data used include vital registration systems, sample registration systems, household surveys (complete birth histories, summary birth histories, sibling histories), censuses (summary birth histories, household deaths), and Demographic Surveillance Sites. In total, this analysis used 8259 data sources. Estimates of the probability of death between birth and the age of 5 years and between ages 15 and 60 years are generated and then input into a model life table system to produce complete life tables for all locations and years. Fatal discontinuities and mortality due to HIV/AIDS are analysed separately and then incorporated into the estimation. We analyse the relationship between age-specific mortality and development status using the Socio-demographic Index, a composite measure based on fertility under the age of 25 years, education, and income. There are four main methodological improvements in GBD 2017 compared with GBD 2016: 622 additional data sources have been incorporated; new estimates of population, generated by the GBD study, are used; statistical methods used in different components of the analysis have been further standardised and improved; and the analysis has been extended backwards in time by two decades to start in 1950. Findings Globally, 18·7% (95% uncertainty interval 18·4–19·0) of deaths were registered in 1950 and that proportion has been steadily increasing since, with 58·8% (58·2–59·3) of all deaths being registered in 2015. At the global level, between 1950 and 2017, life expectancy increased from 48·1 years (46·5–49·6) to 70·5 years (70·1–70·8) for men and from 52·9 years (51·7–54·0) to 75·6 years (75·3–75·9) for women. Despite this overall progress, there remains substantial variation in life expectancy at birth in 2017, which ranges from 49·1 years (46·5–51·7) for men in the Central African Republic to 87·6 years (86·9–88·1) among women in Singapore. The greatest progress across age groups was for children younger than 5 years; under-5 mortality dropped from 216·0 deaths (196·3–238·1) per 1000 livebirths in 1950 to 38·9 deaths (35·6–42·83) per 1000 livebirths in 2017, with huge reductions across countries. Nevertheless, there were still 5·4 million (5·2–5·6) deaths among children younger than 5 years in the world in 2017. Progress has been less pronounced and more variable for adults, especially for adult males, who had stagnant or increasing mortality rates in several countries. The gap between male and female life expectancy between 1950 and 2017, while relatively stable at the global level, shows distinctive patterns across super-regions and has consistently been the largest in central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia, and smallest in south Asia. Performance was also variable across countries and time in observed mortality rates compared with those expected on the basis of development. Interpretation This analysis of age-sex-specific mortality shows that there are remarkably complex patterns in population mortality across countries. The findings of this study highlight global successes, such as the large decline in under-5 mortality, which reflects significant local, national, and global commitment and investment over several decades. However, they also bring attention to mortality patterns that are a cause for concern, particularly among adult men and, to a lesser extent, women, whose mortality rates have stagnated in many countries over the time period of this study, and in some cases are increasing.