The strong influence of collection biason biodiversity knowledge shortfalls ofBrazilian terrestrial biodiversity

• Autor(a) principal: Felipe Sá Fortes Leite
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Outros Autores: Ubirajaraoliveira, João Renato Stehmann, John S. Ascher, Marcelo Ferreira de Vasconcelos, Paulo de Marco, Peter Löwenberg-neto, Priscila Guimarães Dias, Viviane Gianluppi Ferro, Adalberto J. Santos, Adriano Pereira Paglia, Antonio D. Brescovit, Claudio J. B. de Carvalho, Daniel Paiva Silva, Daniella T. Rezende, João Aguiar Nogueira Batista, João Paulo Peixoto Pena Barbosa
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFMG
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/46941
• topic: Deficiência Hutchinsonian; Deficiência de Linnean; Deficiência Wallaceana.; Diversidade beta; Endemismo

AimThe knowledge of biodiversity facets such as species composition, distribu-tion and ecological niche is fundamental for the construction of biogeographichypotheses and conservation strategies. However, the knowledge on these facetsis affected by major shortfalls, which are even more pronounced in the tropics.This study aims to evaluate the effect of sampling bias and variation in collec-tion effort on Linnean, Wallacean and Hutchinsonian shortfalls and diversitymeasures as species richness, endemism and beta-diversity.LocationBrazil.MethodsWe have built a database with over 1.5 million records of arthro-pods, vertebrates and angiosperms of Brazil, based on specimens deposited inscientific collections and on the taxonomic literature. We used null models totest the collection bias regarding the proximity to access routes. We also testedthe influence of sampling effort on diversity measures by regression models. Toinvestigate the Wallacean shortfall, we modelled the geographic distribution ofover 4000 species and compared their observed distribution with models. Toquantify the Hutchinsonian shortfall, we used environmental Euclidean distanceof the records to identify regions with poorly sampled environmental condi-tions. To estimate the Linnean shortfall, we measured the similarity of speciescomposition between regions close to and far from access routes.ResultsWe demonstrated that despite the differences in sampling effort, thestrong collection bias affects all taxonomic groups equally, generating a patternof spatially biased sampling effort. This collection pattern contributes greatly tothe biodiversity knowledge shortfalls, which directly affects the knowledge onthe distribution patterns of diversity.Main conclusionsThe knowledge on species richness, species composition andendemism in the Brazilian biodiversity is strongly biased spatially. Despite dif-ferences in sampling effort for each taxonomic group, roadside bias affectedthem equally. Species composition similarity decreased with the distance fromaccess routes, suggesting collection surveys at sites far from roads couldincrease the probability of sampling new geographic records or new species.