Análise dos impactos de instalações de unidades de recarga de veículos elétricos em condomínios residenciais

• Autor(a) principal: Giorgio Félix da Silva
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFMG
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/1843/49838
• topic: Microrrede despachável; Veículos elétricos; Fontes de energia renováveis; Geradores fotovoltaicos; Smart grid; Engenharia elétrica; Energia renovável; Veículos elétricos; Energia renovável

Changes to improve the availability of electric power, optimization of the use of energy resources, improvement in urban mobility and road transport and the gradual replacement of the energy matrix in the alternation of fossil fuels for electric energy through electric vehicles, bring wide-ranging challenges, particularly in terms of electrical power quality. Thus, it is necessary to know the influence caused by renewable generators and electric vehicle chargers on the grids and energy system. Microgrids are electrical entities inserted in the context of smart grids, being characterized as energy systems with self-generation capacity. In this scenario, dispatchable microgrids play a key role in the context of smart grids equipped with information technology to provide efficient, reliable, and safe electricity. The electronic power converters are responsible for interfacing the primary sources of energy distributed with the main grid. Usually, the primary source of microgeneration is based on small-scale renewable energy and its installation takes place in medium and low voltage networks. This work proposes to carry out the analysis of the impacts of installations of electric vehicle chargers installed in a dispatchable microgrid. The evaluations will be carried out in a residential condominium composed of thirty residences, being populated in three fractions of ten battery recharge units in three cycles until completeness. The electrical power system will consist of six dispatchable photovoltaic generators. Energy storage will be provided by electric vehicle batteries providing power at peak demand. The dispatchable microgrid was implemented and simulated in Matlab™ and Simulink software, in the phasor domain, considering a three-phase system, and the total demands, current and voltage profiles, percentage voltage unbalance, load powers in each of the four predicted cycles, without electric vehicles and then the three cycles. The replanning, revisions, or possible and necessary investments in the distribution infrastructure with the increase in demand related to the increase of electric vehicles in the condominium are not considered. The simulation results show that the microgrid would be able to operate with the extra demand, meeting the voltage deviation results as established by international standards. However, such parameters without the systemic analysis and without the replanning of the distribution system, automation, storage capacity and review of the protections of the electrical power system will collapse since the service voltage presented values far below the critical indices, in addition to the overcurrent being able to act in the protection system, in the instant of the simultaneous recharges of the electric vehicles.