Population-level risks of alcohol consumption by amount, geography, age, sex, and year: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020

• Autor(a) principal: Stefan Lorkowski
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Outros Autores: Rafael Lozano, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Farzan Madadizadeh, Áurea M. Madureira-Carvalho, Soleiman Mahjoub, Ata Mahmoodpoor, Md Zakiul Alam, Rashidul Alam Mahumud, Alaa Makki, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Narayana Manjunatha, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Jose Martinez-Raga, Francisco A. Martinez-Villa, Richard Matzopoulos, Pallab K. Maulik, Dejene Tsegaye Alem, Mahsa Mayeli, John j Mcgrath, Jitendra Kumar Meena, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Ritesh G. Menezes, Gert B. M. Mensink, Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis, Atte Meretoja, Bedasa Taye Merga, Tomislav Mestrovic, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Junmei Miao Jonasson, Bartosz Miazgowski, Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ted R. Miller, Gk Mini, Andreea Mirica, Antonio Mirijello, Seyyed Mohammad Sadeq Mirmoeeni, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Sanjeev Misra, Yousef Alimohamadi, Babak Moazen, Maryam Mobarakabadi, Marcello Moccia, Yousef Mohammad, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Teroj Abdulrahman Mohammed, Nagabhishek Moka, Ali H. Mokdad, Sara Momtazmanesh, Atiyeh Alizadeh, Yousef Moradi, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Sumaira Mubarik, Erin C. Mullany, Beemnet Tekabe Mulugeta, Efrén Murillo-Zamora, Christopher J. L. Murray, Julius C. Mwita, Mohsen Naghavi, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Kasim Allel, Vinay Nangia, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Samata Nepal, Sudan Prasad Prasad Neupane, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Yeshambel T. Nigatu, Ali Nowroozi, Jordi Alonso, Khan M. Nuruzzaman, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Kehinde O. Obamiro, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade, Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde, Gláucia Maria Moraes Oliveira, Ahmed Omar Bali, Emad Omer, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, Saba Alvand, Doris V. Ortega-Altamirano, Adrian Otoiu, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Bilcha Oumer, Mahesh P. A., Alicia Padron-Monedero, Raffaele Palladino, Adrian Pana, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Anamika Pandey, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Ashok Pandey, Shahina Pardhan, Tarang Parekh, Eun-Kee Park, Charles D. H. Parry, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Jay Patel, Siddhartha Pati, George C. Patton, Uttam Paudel, Firehiwot Amare, Shrikant Pawar, Amy E. Peden, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Michael R. Phillips, Marina Pinheiro, Evgenii Plotnikov, Pranil Man Singh Pradhan, Akila Prashant, Jianchao Quan, Amir Radfar, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Alireza Rafiei, Pankaja Raghav Raghav, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Azizur Rahman, Md Mosfequr Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Priyanga Ranasinghe, Sohrab Amiri, Chythra R. Rao, Drona Prakash Rasali, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Zubair Ahmed Ratan, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Andre M. N. Renzaho, Negar Rezaei, Saeid Rezaei, Robert Ancuceanu, Mohsen Rezaeian, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Esperanza Romero-rodríguez, Gregory A. Roth, Godfrey M. Rwegerera, Basema Saddik, Erfan Sadeghi, Reihaneh Sadeghian, Umar Saeed, Farhad Saeedi, Jason A. Anderson, Rajesh Sagar, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Harihar Sahoo, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, km Saif-Ur-Rahman, Sarvenaz Salahi, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Abdallah M. Samy, Francesco Sanmarchi, Milena M. Santric-milicevic, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Yaser Sarikhani, Brijesh Sathian, Ganesh Kumar Saya, Mehdi Sayyah, Maria Inês Schmidt, Aletta Elisabeth Schutte, Michaël Schwarzinger, David C. Schwebel, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar, Tudorel Andrei, Seyedahmad Seyedalinaghi, Allen Seylani, Feng Sha, Sarvenaz Shahin, Fariba Shahraki-Sanavi, Shayan Shahrokhi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Elaheh Shaker, Murad Ziyaudinovich Shakhmardanov, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Jalal Arabloo, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Rahim Ali Sheikhi, Adithi Shetty, Jeevan K. Shetty, Damtew Solomon Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Rahman Shiri, Reza Shirkoohi, K. M. Shivakumar, Velizar Shivarov, Cristiana Abbafati, Muhammad Arshad, Parnian Shobeiri, Roman Shrestha, Negussie Boti Sidemo, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Natacha Torres da Silva, Jasvinder A. Singh, Surjit Singh, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Anton A. Artamonov, David A. Sleet, Marco Solmi, Yonatan Solomon, Suhang Song, Yimeng Song, Reed J. D. Sorensen, Sergey Soshnikov, Ireneous N. Soyiri, Dan J. Stein, Sonu Hangma Subba, Zahra Aryan, Miklós Szócska, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Takahiro Tabuchi, Majid Taheri, Ker-Kan Tan, Minale Tareke, Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang, Gebremaryam Temesgen, Worku Animaw Temesgen, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Malke Asaad, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Rekha Thapar, Nikhil Kenny Thomas, Chalachew Tiruneh, Jovana Todorovic, Marco Torrado, Mathilde Touvier, Marcos Roberto Tovani-palone, Mai Thi Ngoc Tran, Sergi Trias-Llimós, Mulusew A. Asemahagn, Jaya Prasad Tripathy, Alireza Vakilian, Rohollah Valizadeh, Mehdi Varmaghani, Shoban Babu Varthya, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Theo Vos, Birhanu Wagaye, Yasir Waheed, Mandaras Tariku Walde, Thomas Astell-burt, Cong Wang, Yanzhong Wang, Shayan Rahmani, Yuan-Pang Wang, Ronny Westerman, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Abate Dargie Wubetu, Suowen Xu, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Lin Yang, Gesila Endashaw e Yesera, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Arzu Yigit, Vahit Yi'it, Ayenew Engida Ayenew Engida Yimaw, Dong Keon Yon, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Siddhesh Zadey, Mazyar Zahir, Iman Zare, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Zhi-jiang Zhang, Chenwen Zhong, Mohammad Zmaili, Yves Miel H. Zuniga, Emmanuela Gakidou, Prince Atorkey, Alok Atreya, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Floriane Ausloos, Marcel Ausloos, Getinet Ayano, Martin Amogre Ayanore Ayanore, Olatunde O. Ayinde, Jose L. Ayuso-mateos, Sina Azadnajafabad, Melkalem Mamuye Azanaw, Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy, Amirhossein Azari Jafari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Ahmed Y. Azzam, Ashish D. Badiye, Nasser Bagheri, Sara Bagherieh, Mohan Bairwa, Shankar M. Bakkannavar, Ravleen Kaur Bakshi, Awraris Hailu Balchut/bilchut, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Fabio Barra, Amir Abdoli, Amadou Barrow, Pritish Baskaran, Luis Belo, Derrick A. Bennett, Isabela M. Benseñor, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Neeraj Bhala, Ashish Bhalla, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Mohammad Abdollahi, Sonu Bhaskar, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Vijayalakshmi S. Bhojaraja, Bagas Suryo Bintoro, Elena A. Elena Blokhina, Belay Boda Abule Bodicha, Archith Boloor, Cristina Bosetti, Dejana Braithwaite, Hermann Brenner, Danabryazka, Abu Yousuf md Abdullah, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Andre R. Brunoni, Zahid A. Butt, Chao Cao, Yin Cao, Rosario Cárdenas, Andre F. Carvalho, Márcia Carvalho, Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Giulio Castelpietra, E. S. Abhilash, Luis F. S. Castro-de-Araujo, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Akhilanand Chaurasia, Nicolas Cherbuin, Dinh-Toi Chu, Nandita Chudal, Sheng-Chia Chung, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Chuchu Churko, Liliana G. Ciobanu, Massimo Cirillo, Rafael Moreira Claro, Simona Costanzo, Richard G. Cowden, Michael H. Criqui, Natália Cruz-Martins, Garland T. Culbreth, Berihun Assefa Dachew, Juan Manuel Acuna, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Giovanni Damiani, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Beniam Darge Daniel, Anna Danielewicz, Jiregna Darega Gela, Kairat Davletov, Jacyra Azevedo Paiva de Araujo, Giovanni Addolorato, Antonio Reis de Sá-Junior, Sisay Abebe Debela, Azizallah Dehghan, Andreas K. Demetriades, Meseret Derbew Molla, Rupak Desai, Abebaw Alemayehu Desta, Diana Dias da Silva, Daniel Diaz, Lankamo Ena Digesa, Oladimeji M. Adebayo, Mengistie Diress, Milad Dodangeh, Deepa Dongarwar, Fariba Dorostkar, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Bereket Duko, Bruce B. Duncan, Kristina Edvardsson, Michael Ekholuenetale, Frank J. Elgar, Victor Adekanmbi, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohamed A. Elmonem, Aman Yesuf Endries, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Azin Etemadimanesh, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev, Fatemeh Farahmand, Carla Sofia e Sá Farinha, Andre Faro, Kishor Adhikari, Farshad Farzadfar, Ali Fatehizadeh, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Valery L. Feigin, Rachel Feldman, Xiaoqi Feng, Zinabu Fentaw, Simone Ferrero, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Irina Filip, Sangeet Adhikari, Florian Fischer, Joel Msafiri Francis, Richard Charles Franklin, Peter Andras Gaal, Mohamed M. Gad, Silvano Gallus, Fabio Galvano, Balasankar Ganesan, Tushar Garg, Mesfin Gebrehiwot Damtew Gebrehiwot, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel, Mathewos Alemu Gebremichael, Tadele Regasa Gemechu, Lemma Getacher, Motuma Erena Getachew, Abera Getachew Obsa, Asmare Getie, Amir Ghaderi, Mansour Ghafourifard, Alireza Ghajar, Marissa B. Reitsma, Saira Afzal, Seyyed-hadi Ghamari, Lilian A. Ghandour, Mohammad Ghasemi Nour, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Sherief Ghozy, Franklin N. Glozah, Ekaterina Vladimirovna Glushkova, Justyna Godos, Amit Goel, Salime Goharinezhad, Wubetu Yimam Agegnehu, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Mohamad Golitaleb, Felix Greaves, Michal Grivna, Giuseppe Grosso, Temesgen Worku Gudayu, Bhawna Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Manik Aggarwal, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Nima Hafezi-nejad, Arvin Haj-mirzaian, Brian J. Hall, Rabih Halwani, Tiilahun Beyene Handiso, Graeme J. Hankey, Sanam Hariri, Josep Maria Haro, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Hossein Hassanian-moghaddam, Simon I. Hay, Khezar Hayat, Golnaz Heidari, Mohammad Heidari, Delia Hendrie, Claudiu Herteliu, Demisu Zenbaba Heyi, Kamal Hezam, Araz Ramazan Ahmad, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni Hlongwa, Ramesh Holla, md Mahbub Hossain, Sahadat Hossain, Seyed Kianoosh Hosseini, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Guoqing Hu, Junjie Huang, Sajjad Ahmad, Salman Hussain, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Irena M. Ilic, Milena D. Ilic, Mustapha Immurana, Lalu Muhammad Irham, m Mofizul Islam, Rakibul m Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Hiroyasu Iso, Tauseef Ahmad, Ramaiah Itumalla, Masao Iwagami, Roxana Jabbarinejad, Louis Jacob, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Zahra Jamalpoor, Elham Jamshidi, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Umesh Umesh Jayarajah, Ranil Jayawardena, Ali Ahmadi, Rime Jebai, Seyed Ali Jeddi, Alelign Tasew Jema, Ravi Prakash Jha, Har Ashish Jindal, Jost B. Jonas, Tamas Joo, Nitin Joseph, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Sepideh Ahmadi, Mikk Jürisson, Ali Kabir, Robel Hussen Kabthymer, Bhushan Dattatray Kamble, Himal Kandel, Girum Gebremeskel Kanno, Neeti Kapoor, Ibraheem M. Karaye, Salah Eddin Karimi, Bekalu Getnet Kassa, Haroon Ahmed, Rimple Jeet Kaur, Gbenga A. Kayode, Mohammad Keykhaei, Himanshu Khajuria, Rovshan Khalilov, Imteyaz A. Khan, Moien Ab Khan, Hanna Kim, Jihee Kim, Min Seo Kim, Max G. Griswold, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Ruth W. Kimokoti, Mika Kivimäki, Vitalii Klymchuk, Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy, G. Anil Kumar, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Narinder Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Ben Lacey, Tea Lallukka, Savita Lasrado, Jerrald Lau, Sang-Woong Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yo Han Lee, Lee-ling Lim, Hanadi Al Hamad, Stephen S. Lim, Stany W. Lobo, Platon D. Lopukhov
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFMG
• Texto Completo: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00847-9; http://hdl.handle.net/1843/66063; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9690-575X
• topic: Consumo de bebidas alcoólicas; Fatores socioeconômicos; Saúde da população

Background: The health risks associated with moderate alcohol consumption continue to be debated. Small amounts of alcohol might lower the risk of some health outcomes but increase the risk of others, suggesting that the overall risk depends, in part, on background disease rates, which vary by region, age, sex, and year. Methods: For this analysis, we constructed burden-weighted dose–response relative risk curves across 22 health outcomes to estimate the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) and non-drinker equivalence (NDE), the consumption level at which the health risk is equivalent to that of a non-drinker, using disease rates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020 for 21 regions, including 204 countries and territories, by 5-year age group, sex, and year for individuals aged 15–95 years and older from 1990 to 2020. Based on the NDE, we quantified the population consuming harmful amounts of alcohol. Findings: The burden-weighted relative risk curves for alcohol use varied by region and age. Among individuals aged 15–39 years in 2020, the TMREL varied between 0 (95% uncertainty interval 0–0) and 0·603 (0·400–1·00) standard drinks per day, and the NDE varied between 0·002 (0–0) and 1·75 (0·698–4·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals aged 40 years and older, the burden-weighted relative risk curve was J-shaped for all regions, with a 2020 TMREL that ranged from 0·114 (0–0·403) to 1·87 (0·500–3·30) standard drinks per day and an NDE that ranged between 0·193 (0–0·900) and 6·94 (3·40–8·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals consuming harmful amounts of alcohol in 2020, 59·1% (54·3–65·4) were aged 15–39 years and 76·9% (73·0–81·3) were male. Interpretation: There is strong evidence to support recommendations on alcohol consumption varying by age and location. Stronger interventions, particularly those tailored towards younger individuals, are needed to reduce the substantial global health loss attributable to alcohol. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.