Co-operation or co-optation? NGOs' roles in norway's international climate and forest initiative
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2017 |
Outros Autores: | , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFMG |
Texto Completo: | https://doi.org/10.3390/f8030064 http://hdl.handle.net/1843/51818 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0688-915X https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8948-3197 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1133-4837 |
Resumo: | This paper investigates non-governmental organisation (NGO) involvement in policy processes related to Norway’s International Climate and Forest Initiative (NICFI) comparing four countries: Norway, Brazil, Indonesia, and Tanzania. Based on documents and interviews, NGO involvement is mapped using a conceptual framework to categorise and compare different roles and modes of engagement. NGOs have co-operated with government in policy design and implementation, albeit to varying degrees, in all four countries, but expressed relatively little public criticism. Funding seems to have an influence on NGOs’ choices regarding whether, what, when, and how to criticise. However, limited public criticism does not necessarily mean that the NGOs are co-opted. They are reflexive regarding their possible operating space, and act strategically and pragmatically to pursue their goals in an entrepreneurial manner. The interests of NGOs and NICFI are to a large extent congruent. Instead of publicly criticising a global initiative that they largely support, and thus put the initiative as a whole at risk, NGOs may use other, more informal, channels to voice points of disagreement. While NGOs do indeed run the risk of being co-opted, their opportunity to resist this fate is probably greater in this instance than is usually the case because NICFI are so reliant on their services. |
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2023-04-11T20:38:47Z2023-04-11T20:38:47Z201783https://doi.org/10.3390/f80300641999-4907http://hdl.handle.net/1843/51818https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0688-915Xhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8948-3197https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1133-4837This paper investigates non-governmental organisation (NGO) involvement in policy processes related to Norway’s International Climate and Forest Initiative (NICFI) comparing four countries: Norway, Brazil, Indonesia, and Tanzania. Based on documents and interviews, NGO involvement is mapped using a conceptual framework to categorise and compare different roles and modes of engagement. NGOs have co-operated with government in policy design and implementation, albeit to varying degrees, in all four countries, but expressed relatively little public criticism. Funding seems to have an influence on NGOs’ choices regarding whether, what, when, and how to criticise. However, limited public criticism does not necessarily mean that the NGOs are co-opted. They are reflexive regarding their possible operating space, and act strategically and pragmatically to pursue their goals in an entrepreneurial manner. The interests of NGOs and NICFI are to a large extent congruent. Instead of publicly criticising a global initiative that they largely support, and thus put the initiative as a whole at risk, NGOs may use other, more informal, channels to voice points of disagreement. While NGOs do indeed run the risk of being co-opted, their opportunity to resist this fate is probably greater in this instance than is usually the case because NICFI are so reliant on their services.Este artigo investiga o envolvimento de organizações não governamentais (ONGs) em processos políticos relacionados à Iniciativa Internacional do Clima e Florestas da Noruega (NICFI) comparando quatro países: Noruega, Brasil, Indonésia e Tanzânia. Com base em documentos e entrevistas, o envolvimento de ONGs é mapeado usando uma estrutura conceitual para categorizar e comparar diferentes papéis e modos de engajamento. As ONGs cooperaram com o governo no desenho e implementação de políticas, embora em graus variados, em todos os quatro países, mas expressaram relativamente poucas críticas públicas. O financiamento parece ter influência nas escolhas das ONGs sobre se, o quê, quando e como criticar. No entanto, críticas públicas limitadas não significam necessariamente que as ONGs sejam cooptadas. São reflexivos quanto ao seu possível espaço de atuação e agem de forma estratégica e pragmática para perseguir seus objetivos de forma empreendedora. Os interesses das ONGs e da NICFI são em grande parte congruentes. Em vez de criticar publicamente uma iniciativa global que eles apoiam amplamente e, assim, colocar em risco a iniciativa como um todo, as ONGs podem usar outros canais, mais informais, para expressar pontos de desacordo. Embora as ONGs realmente corram o risco de serem cooptadas, sua oportunidade de resistir a esse destino é provavelmente maior nesse caso do que normalmente, porque os NICFI dependem muito de seus serviços.Outra AgênciaporUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisUFMGBrasilENG - DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA PRODUÇÃOForestsPolitica ambientalOrganizações não-governamentaisCooperaçãoCooptaçãoEmpreendedorismo na administração públicaREDD+NGOsPolicymakingCo-operationCo-optationPolicy entrepreneurshipCo-operation or co-optation? NGOs' roles in norway's international climate and forest initiativeCooperação ou cooptação? O papel das ONGs na iniciativa internacional climática e florestal da Noruegainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/8/3/64#Erlend A. T. HermansenDesmond McneillSjur KasaRaoni Guerra Lucas Rajãoapplication/pdfinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFMGinstname:Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)instacron:UFMGLICENSELicense.txtLicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82042https://repositorio.ufmg.br/bitstream/1843/51818/1/License.txtfa505098d172de0bc8864fc1287ffe22MD51ORIGINALCo-Operation or Co-Optation.pdfCo-Operation or Co-Optation.pdfapplication/pdf1149968https://repositorio.ufmg.br/bitstream/1843/51818/2/Co-Operation%20or%20Co-Optation.pdfffcf5da9d45ac4ec0791b228bc2ad8d9MD521843/518182023-04-11 17:38:47.326oai:repositorio.ufmg.br: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Repositório de PublicaçõesPUBhttps://repositorio.ufmg.br/oaiopendoar:2023-04-11T20:38:47Repositório Institucional da UFMG - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)false |
dc.title.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Co-operation or co-optation? NGOs' roles in norway's international climate and forest initiative |
dc.title.alternative.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Cooperação ou cooptação? O papel das ONGs na iniciativa internacional climática e florestal da Noruega |
title |
Co-operation or co-optation? NGOs' roles in norway's international climate and forest initiative |
spellingShingle |
Co-operation or co-optation? NGOs' roles in norway's international climate and forest initiative Erlend A. T. Hermansen REDD+ NGOs Policymaking Co-operation Co-optation Policy entrepreneurship Politica ambiental Organizações não-governamentais Cooperação Cooptação Empreendedorismo na administração pública |
title_short |
Co-operation or co-optation? NGOs' roles in norway's international climate and forest initiative |
title_full |
Co-operation or co-optation? NGOs' roles in norway's international climate and forest initiative |
title_fullStr |
Co-operation or co-optation? NGOs' roles in norway's international climate and forest initiative |
title_full_unstemmed |
Co-operation or co-optation? NGOs' roles in norway's international climate and forest initiative |
title_sort |
Co-operation or co-optation? NGOs' roles in norway's international climate and forest initiative |
author |
Erlend A. T. Hermansen |
author_facet |
Erlend A. T. Hermansen Desmond Mcneill Sjur Kasa Raoni Guerra Lucas Rajão |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Desmond Mcneill Sjur Kasa Raoni Guerra Lucas Rajão |
author2_role |
author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Erlend A. T. Hermansen Desmond Mcneill Sjur Kasa Raoni Guerra Lucas Rajão |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
REDD+ NGOs Policymaking Co-operation Co-optation Policy entrepreneurship |
topic |
REDD+ NGOs Policymaking Co-operation Co-optation Policy entrepreneurship Politica ambiental Organizações não-governamentais Cooperação Cooptação Empreendedorismo na administração pública |
dc.subject.other.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Politica ambiental Organizações não-governamentais Cooperação Cooptação Empreendedorismo na administração pública |
description |
This paper investigates non-governmental organisation (NGO) involvement in policy processes related to Norway’s International Climate and Forest Initiative (NICFI) comparing four countries: Norway, Brazil, Indonesia, and Tanzania. Based on documents and interviews, NGO involvement is mapped using a conceptual framework to categorise and compare different roles and modes of engagement. NGOs have co-operated with government in policy design and implementation, albeit to varying degrees, in all four countries, but expressed relatively little public criticism. Funding seems to have an influence on NGOs’ choices regarding whether, what, when, and how to criticise. However, limited public criticism does not necessarily mean that the NGOs are co-opted. They are reflexive regarding their possible operating space, and act strategically and pragmatically to pursue their goals in an entrepreneurial manner. The interests of NGOs and NICFI are to a large extent congruent. Instead of publicly criticising a global initiative that they largely support, and thus put the initiative as a whole at risk, NGOs may use other, more informal, channels to voice points of disagreement. While NGOs do indeed run the risk of being co-opted, their opportunity to resist this fate is probably greater in this instance than is usually the case because NICFI are so reliant on their services. |
publishDate |
2017 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2017 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2023-04-11T20:38:47Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2023-04-11T20:38:47Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/1843/51818 |
dc.identifier.doi.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.3390/f8030064 |
dc.identifier.issn.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
1999-4907 |
dc.identifier.orcid.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0688-915X https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8948-3197 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1133-4837 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/f8030064 http://hdl.handle.net/1843/51818 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0688-915X https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8948-3197 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1133-4837 |
identifier_str_mv |
1999-4907 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.ispartof.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Forests |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
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Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais |
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UFMG |
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Brasil |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
ENG - DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA PRODUÇÃO |
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Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais |
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reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFMG instname:Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) instacron:UFMG |
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