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Nilo Bazzolihttp://lattes.cnpq.br/9223776544881741Elizete RizzoJosé Enemir dos SantosLucas MarconGuilherme Mattos Jardim CostaGleide Fernandes de Avelarhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1681052530682245Lourenço Almeida Savassi2020-01-21T14:47:17Z2020-01-21T14:47:17Z2019-09-30http://hdl.handle.net/1843/32082Metais pesados são elementos inorgânicos que podem provocar sérios danos à saúde dos organismos vivos em geral. Através de resíduos industriais, rurais e domésticos, metais como Cádmio (Cd), Chumbo (Pb), Cobre (Cu), Cromo (Cr), Ferro (Fe) e Zinco (Zn), atingem constantemente os ambientes aquáticos. Esses poluentes geralmente não são degradados naturalmente e possuem alta capacidade de bioacumulação em tecidos e órgãos gerando graves patologias. Diante desse problema ambiental o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, através de análises histológicas e imunohistoquímicas, o estado de contaminação do dourado, Salminus franciscanus, espécie de peixe de grande porte, endêmico da bacia do rio São Francisco, MG, que representa alto valor comercial e é amplamente consumido na alimentação da população. Foram avaliados os níveis de Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb e Zn, no fígado e no tecido muscular, de 68 exemplares de S. franciscanus coletados em dois rios da bacia do rio São Francisco, MG, Brasil: Abaeté (pouca atividade antrópica) e Paraopeba, trechos A e B (alta atividade antrópica). Em conjunto foram avaliadas alterações histopatológicas no fígado e baço (órgãos de intenso metabolismo), e expressão de três proteínas consideradas atualmente biomarcadoras de impacto ambiental: Metalotioneína (MT), Proteína de Choque Térmico-70 (HSP70) e Citocromo P450-1A (CYP1A). Os resultados mostraram que os peixes do rio Paraopeba estão impróprios ao consumo humano, ultrapassando os limites seguros ao consumo no filé (Cd, Cr, Cu e Pb acima do limite permitido) estabelecidos pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) e pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Além dos elevados níveis de metais pesados na musculatura dos peixes, no fígado foram registrados valores acima do limite legal para os metais Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb e Zn (todos os metais analisados) sendo registradas e quantificadas alterações histopatológicas no fígado e baço dos peixes, indicando diferenças significativas à pior qualidade ambiental e ao cenário de maior contaminação por metais pesados, encontrado no rio Paraopeba. Também foram registradas diferenças significativas nos níveis de expressão das proteínas MT, HSP70 e CYP1A, entre os rios Abaeté e Paraopeba, evidenciando a alta contaminação em ambos os trechos de amostragem no rio Paraopeba em relação ao rio Abaeté.Heavy metals are inorganic elements that can cause serious health problems in living organisms in general. Through industrial, rural and domestic waste, metals such as Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) constantly reach aquatic environments. These pollutants are usually not naturally degraded and have a high capacity of bioaccumulation in tissues and organs inducing pathologies. Due this environmental problem, the objective of the present study was to evaluate, through histological and immunohistochemical analyzes, the condition of contamination of dourado, Salminus franciscanus, a large fish species, endemic to the São Francisco River Basin, MG, which represents a high commercial value and is widely consumed in population feeding. Levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn was quantified in the liver and muscle tissue, of 68 specimens of S. franciscanus collected from two rivers of the São Francisco River Basin, MG, Brazil: Abaeté (low anthropic activity) and Paraopeba, sites A and B (high anthropic activity). Histopathological alterations in the liver and spleen (organs of intense metabolism) and expression of three proteins currently considered biomarkers of environmental impact, were evaluated: Metallothionein (MT), Heat Shock Protein-70 (HSP70) and Cytochrome P450-1A (CYP1A). The results evidenced that fish from the Paraopeba river are inappropriate for human consumption, exceeding the safe limits for muscle consumption (Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb above the permitted limit) established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). In addition to the high levels of heavy metals registered in fish muscles, in liver the values were recorded above the legal limit for Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn metals (all metals analyzed) and histopathological alterations in liver and spleen were recorded and quantified, indicating significant differences in the poor environmental quality and the scenario of high contamination by heavy metals found in Paraopeba River. Significant differences in expression levels of MT, HSP70 and CYP1A proteins, were also recorded between the Abaeté and Paraopeba Rivers, evidencing the high contamination in both sampling sites of Paraopeba River in relation to Abaeté River.CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoFAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas GeraisCAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorporUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biologia CelularUFMGBrasilICB - DEPARTAMENTO DE MORFOLOGIAAmbiente aquáticoPoluição ambientalBiomarcadores ambientaisToxicologiaTeleósteosBioindicadoresPoluição aquáticaToxicologiaTeleósteosEfeitos da contaminação por metais pesados e biomarcadores de impacto ambiental em peixes da bacia do rio São Francisco, MGEffects of heavy metal contamination and environmental impact biomarkers in fish from São Francisco river basin, MGinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFMGinstname:Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)instacron:UFMGORIGINALTese DOUTORADO - Lourenco Almeida Savassi - 28-11-2019 - PDF.pdfTese DOUTORADO - Lourenco Almeida Savassi - 28-11-2019 - PDF.pdfTese DOUTORADO - Lourenco Almeida Savassi - 28-11-2019 - PDFapplication/pdf3028784https://repositorio.ufmg.br/bitstream/1843/32082/1/Tese%20DOUTORADO%20-%20Lourenco%20Almeida%20Savassi%20-%2028-11-2019%20-%20PDF.pdfffbb8430adf0c387841fbbe5538d94fbMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; 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