The applicability of X-ray microtomography for mineral liberation determination
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFMG |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/1843/36441 |
Resumo: | In mineral processing, a detailed characterization of multiphase particulate systems is fundamental to guarantee an efficient separation of the valuable minerals. A precise analysis allows the process engineer, for instance, to evaluate the optimum concentration route and to achieve the best metallurgical recovery possible. One of the most important aspects of the ore is mineral liberation, as it defines the maximum possible grade for subsequent mineral concentration processes. Scanning electron microscope-based (SEM-based) automated image analysis systems have been used to obtain information concerning mineral liberation. One of the limitations of SEM-based techniques for mineral liberation assessment is the unavoidable loss of 3D information, leading to significant stereological errors. In this regard, X-ray microtomography emerges as a solution that allows three-dimensional imaging and direct measurement of spatial characteristics of mineral ores, eliminating stereological issues. In this thesis, high-resolution X-ray microtomography was used to evaluate the characteristics of liberation of a metallurgical bauxite ore and of an iron ore tailing. Mineralogical characterization showed that the bauxite ore was composed by 54.5% of gibbsite as the aluminum-bearing mineral, 39.8% of kaolinite as silicate gangue, and 5.7% of hematite, whereas the iron ore tailing was constituted by 88.8% of quartz, 10.4% of hematite, and 0.8% of goethite. The liberation analyses were carried out with respect to compositional liberation (grade) and textural liberation (surface exposure), in both 2D and 3D perspectives to assess the degree of stereological bias. For the bauxite ore, grade distributions in 2D and 3D were correspondent when all possible cross-sections were considered in 2D. However, 2D surface exposure did not converge accurately to the 3D fashion due to the loss of 3D information. In the case of the iron ore tailing, the stereological effect was more pronounced in surface exposure quantification. There was a linear relationship between grade and surface exposure and also between particle size and surface exposure. A comparison of the results of SEM-based and X-ray microtomography for the iron ore tailing evidenced the fact that only a 3D technique would be able to represent the real characteristics of particulate systems. |
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Douglas Batista Mazzinghyhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/6028428212680670Daniela Gomes HortaCarolina del RoveriFabiane Leocádia da SilvaMaurício Guimarães BergermanCarina Ulsenhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7169616503588191Guilherme José Ramos Oliveira2021-06-09T19:22:57Z2021-06-09T19:22:57Z2021-04-01http://hdl.handle.net/1843/36441In mineral processing, a detailed characterization of multiphase particulate systems is fundamental to guarantee an efficient separation of the valuable minerals. A precise analysis allows the process engineer, for instance, to evaluate the optimum concentration route and to achieve the best metallurgical recovery possible. One of the most important aspects of the ore is mineral liberation, as it defines the maximum possible grade for subsequent mineral concentration processes. Scanning electron microscope-based (SEM-based) automated image analysis systems have been used to obtain information concerning mineral liberation. One of the limitations of SEM-based techniques for mineral liberation assessment is the unavoidable loss of 3D information, leading to significant stereological errors. In this regard, X-ray microtomography emerges as a solution that allows three-dimensional imaging and direct measurement of spatial characteristics of mineral ores, eliminating stereological issues. In this thesis, high-resolution X-ray microtomography was used to evaluate the characteristics of liberation of a metallurgical bauxite ore and of an iron ore tailing. Mineralogical characterization showed that the bauxite ore was composed by 54.5% of gibbsite as the aluminum-bearing mineral, 39.8% of kaolinite as silicate gangue, and 5.7% of hematite, whereas the iron ore tailing was constituted by 88.8% of quartz, 10.4% of hematite, and 0.8% of goethite. The liberation analyses were carried out with respect to compositional liberation (grade) and textural liberation (surface exposure), in both 2D and 3D perspectives to assess the degree of stereological bias. For the bauxite ore, grade distributions in 2D and 3D were correspondent when all possible cross-sections were considered in 2D. However, 2D surface exposure did not converge accurately to the 3D fashion due to the loss of 3D information. In the case of the iron ore tailing, the stereological effect was more pronounced in surface exposure quantification. There was a linear relationship between grade and surface exposure and also between particle size and surface exposure. A comparison of the results of SEM-based and X-ray microtomography for the iron ore tailing evidenced the fact that only a 3D technique would be able to represent the real characteristics of particulate systems.No processamento de minerais, uma caracterização detalhada de partículas é fundamental para garantir uma separação eficiente dos minerais de interesse. Uma análise precisa permite que engenheiro, por exemplo, avalie a melhor rota de concentração e obtenha a melhor recuperação metalúrgica possível. Um dos aspectos mais importantes do minério é a liberação mineral, pois define o teor máximo possível para os processos subsequentes de concentração mineral. Equipamentos automatizados de análise de imagem baseados em Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) têm sido utilizados para obter informações sobre o grau de liberação mineral. Uma das limitações das técnicas baseadas em observações ao microscópio para avaliação da liberação de minerais é a perda inevitável de informações em 3D, levando a erros estereológicos significativos. Nesse sentido, a microtomografia de raios-X surge como uma alternativa que permite a obtenção de imagens tridimensionais e medição direta das características espaciais dos minérios, eliminando os efeitos estereológicos. Nesta tese, microtomografia de raios-X de alta resolução foi utilizada para avaliar as características de liberação de um minério de bauxita metalúrgica e de um rejeito de minério de ferro. A caracterização mineralógica mostrou que o minério de bauxita era composto por 54,5% de gibbsita como mineral contendo alumínio, 39,8% de caulinita como ganga silicatada e 5,7% de hematita, enquanto o rejeito de minério de ferro era constituído por 88,8% de quartzo, 10,4% de hematita e 0,8% de goethita. As análises de liberação foram realizadas em relação à composição (teor) e à textura (superfície exposta), em ambas as perspectivas 2D e 3D, para avaliar o grau do erro estereológico. Para a bauxita, as distribuições de teor em 2D e 3D foram correspondentes quando todas as seções transversais foram consideradas em 2D. No entanto, o grau de exposição da superfície 2D não convergiu para o 3D, devido à perda de informações 3D. No caso do rejeito de minério de ferro, o efeito estereológico foi mais pronunciado na quantificação da exposição superficial. Foi observada uma relação linear entre o teor e o grau de exposição da superfície, bem como entre o tamanho da partícula e a exposição da superfície. Uma comparação dos resultados de métodos automatizados de análise de imagem baseados em MEV e microtomografia de raios-X para o rejeito de minério de ferro evidenciou o fato de que apenas uma técnica 3D seria capaz de representar as características reais de sistemas particulados.CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoCAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorengUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Metalúrgica, Materiais e de MinasUFMGBrasilENG - DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA METALÚRGICAEngenharia de minasTecnologia mineralEstereologiaProcessamento de imagens - Técnicas digitaisX-ray microtomographyMineral liberationStereological errorsThe applicability of X-ray microtomography for mineral liberation determinationA aplicabilidade da microtomografia de raios-X para a determinação de liberação mineralinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFMGinstname:Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)instacron:UFMGORIGINALTese final.pdfTese final.pdfapplication/pdf4448307https://repositorio.ufmg.br/bitstream/1843/36441/1/Tese%20final.pdff07cafe826f446e145f784a31e91fdf3MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82119https://repositorio.ufmg.br/bitstream/1843/36441/2/license.txt34badce4be7e31e3adb4575ae96af679MD521843/364412021-06-09 16:22:57.229oai:repositorio.ufmg.br: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Repositório de PublicaçõesPUBhttps://repositorio.ufmg.br/oaiopendoar:2021-06-09T19:22:57Repositório Institucional da UFMG - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)false |
dc.title.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
The applicability of X-ray microtomography for mineral liberation determination |
dc.title.alternative.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
A aplicabilidade da microtomografia de raios-X para a determinação de liberação mineral |
title |
The applicability of X-ray microtomography for mineral liberation determination |
spellingShingle |
The applicability of X-ray microtomography for mineral liberation determination Guilherme José Ramos Oliveira X-ray microtomography Mineral liberation Stereological errors Engenharia de minas Tecnologia mineral Estereologia Processamento de imagens - Técnicas digitais |
title_short |
The applicability of X-ray microtomography for mineral liberation determination |
title_full |
The applicability of X-ray microtomography for mineral liberation determination |
title_fullStr |
The applicability of X-ray microtomography for mineral liberation determination |
title_full_unstemmed |
The applicability of X-ray microtomography for mineral liberation determination |
title_sort |
The applicability of X-ray microtomography for mineral liberation determination |
author |
Guilherme José Ramos Oliveira |
author_facet |
Guilherme José Ramos Oliveira |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Douglas Batista Mazzinghy |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/6028428212680670 |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv |
Daniela Gomes Horta |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Carolina del Roveri |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Fabiane Leocádia da Silva |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
Maurício Guimarães Bergerman |
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv |
Carina Ulsen |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/7169616503588191 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Guilherme José Ramos Oliveira |
contributor_str_mv |
Douglas Batista Mazzinghy Daniela Gomes Horta Carolina del Roveri Fabiane Leocádia da Silva Maurício Guimarães Bergerman Carina Ulsen |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
X-ray microtomography Mineral liberation Stereological errors |
topic |
X-ray microtomography Mineral liberation Stereological errors Engenharia de minas Tecnologia mineral Estereologia Processamento de imagens - Técnicas digitais |
dc.subject.other.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Engenharia de minas Tecnologia mineral Estereologia Processamento de imagens - Técnicas digitais |
description |
In mineral processing, a detailed characterization of multiphase particulate systems is fundamental to guarantee an efficient separation of the valuable minerals. A precise analysis allows the process engineer, for instance, to evaluate the optimum concentration route and to achieve the best metallurgical recovery possible. One of the most important aspects of the ore is mineral liberation, as it defines the maximum possible grade for subsequent mineral concentration processes. Scanning electron microscope-based (SEM-based) automated image analysis systems have been used to obtain information concerning mineral liberation. One of the limitations of SEM-based techniques for mineral liberation assessment is the unavoidable loss of 3D information, leading to significant stereological errors. In this regard, X-ray microtomography emerges as a solution that allows three-dimensional imaging and direct measurement of spatial characteristics of mineral ores, eliminating stereological issues. In this thesis, high-resolution X-ray microtomography was used to evaluate the characteristics of liberation of a metallurgical bauxite ore and of an iron ore tailing. Mineralogical characterization showed that the bauxite ore was composed by 54.5% of gibbsite as the aluminum-bearing mineral, 39.8% of kaolinite as silicate gangue, and 5.7% of hematite, whereas the iron ore tailing was constituted by 88.8% of quartz, 10.4% of hematite, and 0.8% of goethite. The liberation analyses were carried out with respect to compositional liberation (grade) and textural liberation (surface exposure), in both 2D and 3D perspectives to assess the degree of stereological bias. For the bauxite ore, grade distributions in 2D and 3D were correspondent when all possible cross-sections were considered in 2D. However, 2D surface exposure did not converge accurately to the 3D fashion due to the loss of 3D information. In the case of the iron ore tailing, the stereological effect was more pronounced in surface exposure quantification. There was a linear relationship between grade and surface exposure and also between particle size and surface exposure. A comparison of the results of SEM-based and X-ray microtomography for the iron ore tailing evidenced the fact that only a 3D technique would be able to represent the real characteristics of particulate systems. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2021-06-09T19:22:57Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2021-06-09T19:22:57Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2021-04-01 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/1843/36441 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/1843/36441 |
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eng |
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eng |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais |
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Metalúrgica, Materiais e de Minas |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
UFMG |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
Brasil |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
ENG - DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA METALÚRGICA |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais |
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