Região Matopiba : caracterização agrícola e infraestrutura em pós-colheita

• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Lidiane Maria Rodrigues dos
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Monografias da UFMT
• Texto Completo: http://bdm.ufmt.br/handle/1/2512
• topic: CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA; Cerrado; Agronegócio; Grãos - armazenagem; Cerrado; Agribusiness; Grains - storage

The regions of Brazilian cerrado have stood out in recent decades as fronts of agricultural expansion, and of these, stands out the region called by the acronym MATOPIBA (formed by the state of Tocantins and parts of the states of Maranhão, Piauí and Bahia). in view of increases in production, mainly of soya and maize, and the realization of the new frontier, the need for storage has become an indispensable factor in preventing losses in the quality of the product from the time of harvest until destination, as well as no worsening of the logistical system, already precarious in the country. Due to the importance of the region and the increasing volume of grain production, this study aimed to carry out a survey of the production situation, post-harvest of Brazil and its regions, with emphasis on the agricultural region of MATOPIBA, and to evaluate the logistic situation in this region. To carry out this case study selected through exploratory research, surveys and data surveys were carried out at the National Supply Company (CONAB) and other government agencies, compiled in tables and graphs and analyzed in a descriptive way. The aim was to highlight the static capacity and number of storage units; capacity deficit; evolution of the area, production and productivity of soybeans and corn from the mesoregions and states that make up MATOPIBA over a period of 36 years (1985 and 2021) as well as soybean and corn production in the 2020/2021 harvest of the mesoregions of MATOPIBA located in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. By the results obtained, compared to the South and Center West regions, which account for 75.6% of the static storage capacity in Brazil, the MATOPIBA region, despite its low participation in the national context, presents increasing numbers, currently has a 7.22% representativeness in storage, out of a total of 943 storage units. The mesoregions of the São Francisco Valley in Bahia and the Central region of Maranhão correspond to only 0.42% and 1.06% of MATOPIBA. However, the most representative mesoregions are the Far West Bahia and Southwest Piauiense with 48.36 and 14.00% of the static capacity, respectively. Soybean and corn production in the region, harvest 2020/21 was 21.72 million tons. There has been a great evolution of grain production in MATOPIBA in the last decades, which shows its competitive potential with other major regions, such as Mato Grosso. Soybean production in MATOPIBA increased by more than 80 times, from 0.2 million tons in the 80’s to 16.2 million in 2020/21. Corn had much smaller growth, around 6.7 times, responding to 7.3 million tons. In the 2020/21 harvest, Bahia was responsible for the production of 42% of soybean and 33% of corn. Followed by Maranhão, both soybean and corn (20 and 29%). Grain runoff in the region occurs mainly by BR-242, BR-226, BR-230 and BR-135 towards ports, highlighting the Arco Norte corridor as the main route for exporting MATOPIBA production, with a minimum distance of 800km.