Estratégias de manejo do pastejo para Panicum maximum cvs. Quênia e Tamani
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2016 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFMT |
Texto Completo: | http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/2449 |
Resumo: | The objective of this study was to evaluate grazing management strategies and physiological characteristics for Panicum maximum cvs. Quênia and Tamani under different intensities of grazing and often defined by 95% light interception by the canopy. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement (2x2), with two cultivars: Tamani and Quênia (Panicum maximum cvs BRS Tamani and Quênia) and two grazing intensities: high and low, Which defined a post-grazing height of 15 and 25 cm for weed-grass; And 20 cm and 35 cm for Quênia, with three replicates, totaling 12 experimental units (120 m2 each). In each cycle samples were taken for quantification of forage accumulation and morphological separation, post and pre-grazing. Measurements of LI, LAI and leaf angle were performed weekly in all regrowth cycles. The rates of liquid photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and individual leaf transpiration rate were measured in the same cycles in which IAF and IL were characterized. The evaluations were done in four seasons (autumn/spring/summer/15, fall/16). The individual leaf photosynthetic rate showed cultivar interaction x grazing intensity x seasons of the year Tamani, in autumn/15, when handled under low grazing intensity showed the lowest foliar photosynthesis rate. The other treatments at this station were similar. The highest values of leaf photosynthesis occurred in spring/15 and the lowest in autumn/16. The canopy photosynthesis rate was higher in the spring/15 season and similar among the other seasons. Stomatal conductance was lower in autumn/16, and higher in spring/15. The intrinsic efficiency of water use and the rate of transpiration were similar for Quênia and Tamani. However, both presented differences between the seasons. The intrinsic efficiency of water use was higher in autumn/16 and was similar in other seasons. The perspiration ratio was similar in the seasons of summer/15 and autumn/16, where the highest values were obtained. Leaf transpiration rate did not differ between cultivars. Regardless of grazing intensity or cultivar, annual forage accumulation was 22 Mg MS.ha-1 .an-1 . The accumulation of forage evaluated by season showed marked effects, although there was no effect of cultivar or grazing intensity. In summer/15 the highest production occurred, followed by autumn/15, spring/15 and autumn/16. In winter/15 the lowest forage accumulation was obtained. The highest leaf proportions were obtained when xiii management under low grazing intensity, independently of the cultivar, was carried out. Different proportions of the stem component, among the grazing intensities, were verified only for Quênia, where it was lower under low grazing intensity. For Tamani there was no difference between grazing intensities for stem accumulation. Regarding the accumulation of dead material, the highest proportions were obtained when managed under high grazing intensity. Between the two grasses, Tamani presented a higher proportion of dead material. Quênia and Tamani grasses, managed according to a frequency criterion of 95% IL for pre- grazing, were 55 cm and 35 cm high, respectively. It should be discontinued when the height of the canopy for Quênia and Tamani reach 25-30 and 20-25 cm, respectively. These recommendations guarantee adequate forage production and allow higher values of canopy photosynthesis throughout the regrowth cycle. In the Amazonian biome, Quênia and Tamani present physiological responses markedly affected by climatic variations, which shows physiological changes in the forage plant under conditions of adverse abiotic factors. However, they are promising cultivars of Panicum maximum for use as fodder in pasture systems in the Amazon biome. |
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Estratégias de manejo do pastejo para Panicum maximum cvs. Quênia e TamaniAltura de pré-pastejoComponentes morfológicosEstrutura de dosselFotossintese de dosselIntensidade de pastejoInterceptação luminosaCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIAPre-grazing heightMorphological componentsCanopy structureCanopy photosynthesisgGazing intensityLight interceptionThe objective of this study was to evaluate grazing management strategies and physiological characteristics for Panicum maximum cvs. Quênia and Tamani under different intensities of grazing and often defined by 95% light interception by the canopy. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement (2x2), with two cultivars: Tamani and Quênia (Panicum maximum cvs BRS Tamani and Quênia) and two grazing intensities: high and low, Which defined a post-grazing height of 15 and 25 cm for weed-grass; And 20 cm and 35 cm for Quênia, with three replicates, totaling 12 experimental units (120 m2 each). In each cycle samples were taken for quantification of forage accumulation and morphological separation, post and pre-grazing. Measurements of LI, LAI and leaf angle were performed weekly in all regrowth cycles. The rates of liquid photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and individual leaf transpiration rate were measured in the same cycles in which IAF and IL were characterized. The evaluations were done in four seasons (autumn/spring/summer/15, fall/16). The individual leaf photosynthetic rate showed cultivar interaction x grazing intensity x seasons of the year Tamani, in autumn/15, when handled under low grazing intensity showed the lowest foliar photosynthesis rate. The other treatments at this station were similar. The highest values of leaf photosynthesis occurred in spring/15 and the lowest in autumn/16. The canopy photosynthesis rate was higher in the spring/15 season and similar among the other seasons. Stomatal conductance was lower in autumn/16, and higher in spring/15. The intrinsic efficiency of water use and the rate of transpiration were similar for Quênia and Tamani. However, both presented differences between the seasons. The intrinsic efficiency of water use was higher in autumn/16 and was similar in other seasons. The perspiration ratio was similar in the seasons of summer/15 and autumn/16, where the highest values were obtained. Leaf transpiration rate did not differ between cultivars. Regardless of grazing intensity or cultivar, annual forage accumulation was 22 Mg MS.ha-1 .an-1 . The accumulation of forage evaluated by season showed marked effects, although there was no effect of cultivar or grazing intensity. In summer/15 the highest production occurred, followed by autumn/15, spring/15 and autumn/16. In winter/15 the lowest forage accumulation was obtained. The highest leaf proportions were obtained when xiii management under low grazing intensity, independently of the cultivar, was carried out. Different proportions of the stem component, among the grazing intensities, were verified only for Quênia, where it was lower under low grazing intensity. For Tamani there was no difference between grazing intensities for stem accumulation. Regarding the accumulation of dead material, the highest proportions were obtained when managed under high grazing intensity. Between the two grasses, Tamani presented a higher proportion of dead material. Quênia and Tamani grasses, managed according to a frequency criterion of 95% IL for pre- grazing, were 55 cm and 35 cm high, respectively. It should be discontinued when the height of the canopy for Quênia and Tamani reach 25-30 and 20-25 cm, respectively. These recommendations guarantee adequate forage production and allow higher values of canopy photosynthesis throughout the regrowth cycle. In the Amazonian biome, Quênia and Tamani present physiological responses markedly affected by climatic variations, which shows physiological changes in the forage plant under conditions of adverse abiotic factors. However, they are promising cultivars of Panicum maximum for use as fodder in pasture systems in the Amazon biome.CAPESObjetivou-se avaliar estratégias de manejo do pastejo e características fisiológicas para Panicum maximum cvs. Quênia e Tamani sob diferentes intensidades de pastejo e com frequência definida por 95% de interceptação luminosa pelo dossel. O experimento seguiu um delineamento em blocos completos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial (2x2), com dois cultivares: capim-tamani e capim-quênia, (Panicum maximum cvs. BRS Tamani e Quênia) e duas intensidades de pastejo: alta e baixa, as quais definiam uma altura pós-pastejo de 15 e 25 cm para capim-tamani; e 20 cm e 35 cm para capim-quênia, com três repetições, totalizando 12 unidades experimentais (120m2 cada). Em cada ciclo foram feitas amostragens para quantificação do acúmulo de forragem e separação morfológica, pós e pré-pastejo. As medições de IL, IAF e ângulo de folhas foram realizadas semanalmente em todos os ciclos de rebrotação. As taxas de fotossíntese líquida, condutância estomática e taxa de transpiração de folha individual, foram medidas nos mesmos ciclos em que IAF e IL foram caracterizados. As avaliações foram feitas em quatro estações (outono/primavera/verão/15, outono/16). A taxa fotossintética de folha individual apresentou interação cultivar x intensidade de pastejo x estações do ano. O Capim-tamani, no outono/15, quando manejado sob baixa intensidade de pastejo apresentou a menor taxa de fotossíntese foliar. Os demais tratamentos nesta estação mostraram-se semelhantes. Os maiores valores de fotossíntese foliar aconteceram na primavera/15 e os menores em outono/16. A taxa de fotossíntese de dossel mostrou-se superior na estação da primavera/15 e semelhante entre as demais estações. A condutância estomática foi menor em outono/16, e maior na primavera/15. A eficiência intrínseca do uso da água e a razão de transpiração mostraram-se semelhantes para capim-quênia e capim- tamani. No entanto, ambas apresentaram diferenças entre as estações do ano. A eficiência intrínseca do uso da água foi superior no outono/16 e mostrou-se semelhante nas demais estações. A razão de transpiração foi semelhante nas estações do verão/15 e outono/16, em que, foram obtidos os maiores valores. A taxa de transpiração da folha não apresentou diferença entre os cultivares. Independentemente da intensidade de pastejo ou cultivar, o xi acúmulo anual de forragem foi de 22 Mg de MS.ha-1 .ano-1 . O acúmulo de forragem avaliado por estação do ano apresentou efeitos marcantes, embora não tenha havido efeito de cultivar ou intensidade de pastejo. No verão/15 ocorreu a maior produção, seguido do outono/15, primavera/15 e outono/16. No inverno/15 foi obtido o menor acúmulo de forragem. As maiores proporções de folha foram obtidas quando foi realizado manejo sob baixa intensidade de pastejo, independentemente do cultivar. Proporções diferentes do componente colmo, dentre as intensidades de pastejo, foram verificadas, somente para capim-quênia, em que foi menor sob baixa intensidade de pastejo. Para capim-tamani não houve diferença entre as intensidades de pastejo para o acúmulo de colmo. Quanto ao acúmulo de material morto, as maiores proporções foram obtidas quando manejados sob alta intensidade de pastejo. Entre os dois capins, capim-tamani apresentou maior proporção de material morto. Os capins Quênia e Tamani, manejados seguindo critério de frequência de 95% IL para pré-pastejo, possuíam 55 cm e 35 cm de altura, respectivamente. Deve ser interrompido quando a altura do dossel para capim-quênia e capim-tamani atingir 25-30 e 20-25 cm, respectivamente. Essas recomendações garantem adequada produção de forragem e possibilitam maiores valores de fotossíntese de dossel ao longo do ciclo de rebrotação. No bioma amazônico, capim-quênia e capim-tamani apresentam respostas fisiológicas marcadamente afetadas pelas variações climáticas, o que evidencia alterações fisiológicas na planta forrageira, em condições de fatores abióticos adversos. No entanto, são cultivares promissores de Panicum maximum para uso como forrageira em sistemas de pastagem no bioma Amazônia.Universidade Federal de Mato GrossoBrasilInstituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais (ICAA) – SinopUFMT CUC - CuiabáPrograma de Pós-Graduação em ZootecniaPedreira, Bruno Carneiro ePereira, Dalton Henriquehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5241856017855252http://lattes.cnpq.br/2484913274684376Pedreira, Bruno Carneiro e791.490.575-53http://lattes.cnpq.br/2484913274684376Pereira, Dalton Henrique040.244.796-44http://lattes.cnpq.br/5241856017855252791.490.575-53040.244.796-44Petter, Fabiano André906.242.971-87http://lattes.cnpq.br/3555375204115895Euclides, Valeria Pacheco Batista200.656.801-97http://lattes.cnpq.br/0383746151100984Cavalli, Josiana2021-05-10T13:20:26Z2016-12-132021-05-10T13:20:26Z2016-12-05info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisCAVALLI, Josiana. Estratégias de manejo do pastejo para Panicum maximum cvs. Quênia e Tamani. 2016. 82 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Sinop, 2016.http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/2449porinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFMTinstname:Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT)instacron:UFMT2021-05-15T07:01:48Zoai:localhost:1/2449Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://ri.ufmt.br/oai/requestjordanbiblio@gmail.comopendoar:2021-05-15T07:01:48Repositório Institucional da UFMT - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Estratégias de manejo do pastejo para Panicum maximum cvs. Quênia e Tamani |
title |
Estratégias de manejo do pastejo para Panicum maximum cvs. Quênia e Tamani |
spellingShingle |
Estratégias de manejo do pastejo para Panicum maximum cvs. Quênia e Tamani Cavalli, Josiana Altura de pré-pastejo Componentes morfológicos Estrutura de dossel Fotossintese de dossel Intensidade de pastejo Interceptação luminosa CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA Pre-grazing height Morphological components Canopy structure Canopy photosynthesis gGazing intensity Light interception |
title_short |
Estratégias de manejo do pastejo para Panicum maximum cvs. Quênia e Tamani |
title_full |
Estratégias de manejo do pastejo para Panicum maximum cvs. Quênia e Tamani |
title_fullStr |
Estratégias de manejo do pastejo para Panicum maximum cvs. Quênia e Tamani |
title_full_unstemmed |
Estratégias de manejo do pastejo para Panicum maximum cvs. Quênia e Tamani |
title_sort |
Estratégias de manejo do pastejo para Panicum maximum cvs. Quênia e Tamani |
author |
Cavalli, Josiana |
author_facet |
Cavalli, Josiana |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Pedreira, Bruno Carneiro e Pereira, Dalton Henrique http://lattes.cnpq.br/5241856017855252 http://lattes.cnpq.br/2484913274684376 Pedreira, Bruno Carneiro e 791.490.575-53 http://lattes.cnpq.br/2484913274684376 Pereira, Dalton Henrique 040.244.796-44 http://lattes.cnpq.br/5241856017855252 791.490.575-53 040.244.796-44 Petter, Fabiano André 906.242.971-87 http://lattes.cnpq.br/3555375204115895 Euclides, Valeria Pacheco Batista 200.656.801-97 http://lattes.cnpq.br/0383746151100984 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Cavalli, Josiana |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Altura de pré-pastejo Componentes morfológicos Estrutura de dossel Fotossintese de dossel Intensidade de pastejo Interceptação luminosa CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA Pre-grazing height Morphological components Canopy structure Canopy photosynthesis gGazing intensity Light interception |
topic |
Altura de pré-pastejo Componentes morfológicos Estrutura de dossel Fotossintese de dossel Intensidade de pastejo Interceptação luminosa CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA Pre-grazing height Morphological components Canopy structure Canopy photosynthesis gGazing intensity Light interception |
description |
The objective of this study was to evaluate grazing management strategies and physiological characteristics for Panicum maximum cvs. Quênia and Tamani under different intensities of grazing and often defined by 95% light interception by the canopy. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement (2x2), with two cultivars: Tamani and Quênia (Panicum maximum cvs BRS Tamani and Quênia) and two grazing intensities: high and low, Which defined a post-grazing height of 15 and 25 cm for weed-grass; And 20 cm and 35 cm for Quênia, with three replicates, totaling 12 experimental units (120 m2 each). In each cycle samples were taken for quantification of forage accumulation and morphological separation, post and pre-grazing. Measurements of LI, LAI and leaf angle were performed weekly in all regrowth cycles. The rates of liquid photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and individual leaf transpiration rate were measured in the same cycles in which IAF and IL were characterized. The evaluations were done in four seasons (autumn/spring/summer/15, fall/16). The individual leaf photosynthetic rate showed cultivar interaction x grazing intensity x seasons of the year Tamani, in autumn/15, when handled under low grazing intensity showed the lowest foliar photosynthesis rate. The other treatments at this station were similar. The highest values of leaf photosynthesis occurred in spring/15 and the lowest in autumn/16. The canopy photosynthesis rate was higher in the spring/15 season and similar among the other seasons. Stomatal conductance was lower in autumn/16, and higher in spring/15. The intrinsic efficiency of water use and the rate of transpiration were similar for Quênia and Tamani. However, both presented differences between the seasons. The intrinsic efficiency of water use was higher in autumn/16 and was similar in other seasons. The perspiration ratio was similar in the seasons of summer/15 and autumn/16, where the highest values were obtained. Leaf transpiration rate did not differ between cultivars. Regardless of grazing intensity or cultivar, annual forage accumulation was 22 Mg MS.ha-1 .an-1 . The accumulation of forage evaluated by season showed marked effects, although there was no effect of cultivar or grazing intensity. In summer/15 the highest production occurred, followed by autumn/15, spring/15 and autumn/16. In winter/15 the lowest forage accumulation was obtained. The highest leaf proportions were obtained when xiii management under low grazing intensity, independently of the cultivar, was carried out. Different proportions of the stem component, among the grazing intensities, were verified only for Quênia, where it was lower under low grazing intensity. For Tamani there was no difference between grazing intensities for stem accumulation. Regarding the accumulation of dead material, the highest proportions were obtained when managed under high grazing intensity. Between the two grasses, Tamani presented a higher proportion of dead material. Quênia and Tamani grasses, managed according to a frequency criterion of 95% IL for pre- grazing, were 55 cm and 35 cm high, respectively. It should be discontinued when the height of the canopy for Quênia and Tamani reach 25-30 and 20-25 cm, respectively. These recommendations guarantee adequate forage production and allow higher values of canopy photosynthesis throughout the regrowth cycle. In the Amazonian biome, Quênia and Tamani present physiological responses markedly affected by climatic variations, which shows physiological changes in the forage plant under conditions of adverse abiotic factors. However, they are promising cultivars of Panicum maximum for use as fodder in pasture systems in the Amazon biome. |
publishDate |
2016 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2016-12-13 2016-12-05 2021-05-10T13:20:26Z 2021-05-10T13:20:26Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
CAVALLI, Josiana. Estratégias de manejo do pastejo para Panicum maximum cvs. Quênia e Tamani. 2016. 82 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Sinop, 2016. http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/2449 |
identifier_str_mv |
CAVALLI, Josiana. Estratégias de manejo do pastejo para Panicum maximum cvs. Quênia e Tamani. 2016. 82 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Sinop, 2016. |
url |
http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/2449 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Brasil Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais (ICAA) – Sinop UFMT CUC - Cuiabá Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Brasil Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais (ICAA) – Sinop UFMT CUC - Cuiabá Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFMT instname:Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT) instacron:UFMT |
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Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT) |
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UFMT |
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UFMT |
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Repositório Institucional da UFMT |
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Repositório Institucional da UFMT |
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Repositório Institucional da UFMT - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT) |
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jordanbiblio@gmail.com |
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