Densidade e caracterização genotípica de comunidades bacterianas em área suscetível a contaminação por hidrocarbonetos de petróleo na Amazônia Meridional, Mato Grosso, Brasil

• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira, Andrea Ferreira de
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFMT
• Texto Completo: http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/234
• topic: Comunidades bacterianas; Caracterização genotípica; Posto de combustível; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA::RECURSOS HIDRICOS; Bacterial communities; Genotypic characterization; Fuel station

The high handling, distribution and storage of fuels and their compounds such as petroleum hydrocarbons, increases the likelihood of environmental accidents may cause soil contamination and public sources of supply, such as groundwater. Currently, bioremediation stands out as one of the most widely used techniques for environmental restoration, using bacteria in degradation of the contaminating compounds. The survey was conducted in Alta Floresta - MT, and split into two pieces. The first verified that the petroleum hydrocarbons interfere with the population density of the bacterial communities of contaminated environments in seasonal periods of drought and flood, and the second examined the bacterial similarity between two contaminated monitoring wells. Ground water and local soil samples were collected using bailers contaminated and sterile plastic bottles, the samples were chilled packaged and transported according to standard techniques. In the first study evaluated the contaminated area in Alta Floresta, BTEX, environmental variables, and bacterial density of coliforms, Escherichia coli, total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) and degrading bacteria petroleum hydrocarbons. The survey to determine the contaminated areas was held at the SEMA-MT, and for BTEX was used gas chromatograph, mass detector and gun. The Multiparameter probe, in turn, was used to measure environmental variables, while the conventional microbiological techniques were used to determine the bacterial densities. In the second study analyzed environmental variables, BTEX, density and diversity of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria, having been used probe multiparameter to environmental variables, gas chromatograph, mass detector and gun for BTEX, in addition to conventional microbiological techniques for determine the bacterial density and molecular techniques (BOX-PCR and application Bionumerics 7.1) to determine the diversity. The research done in the first work confirmed that the city of Alta Floresta contained only two contaminated gas stations (data from the State Department of the Environment), and the analyzes performed in the study area found contamination by BTEX in the position where the study was conducted, and in some places the value was high as the PM2 had 597.05 μg/L. During the first collection, the highest results for the environmental variables were 6.87 for pH, 29.7°C, 6.96 mg/L of dissolved oxygen and 604 mS /m conductivity. The PM4 was the one with the highest density of coliform (5.95 Log MPN/100mL) during the second collection and absence of E. coli during both periods. To the ground, the point with greatest density was HBT S8 to 5.92 Log FUC/g and the water was PM4, during the first sample with Log 4.30 FUC/mL. The density of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria was higher in PM4 (3.68 Log FUC/mL) in the first collection. In the second working point the most contaminated was M1, and the t luene was und m e c mp und (267.08 μg/L), the highest density of petroleum degrading bacteria, in turn, was in PM2 to 4.05 Log FUC/mL. Diversity was higher in the PM1, with only 20% of the strains showed similarity of 100%. In general, the gas stations are areas susceptible to contamination, BTEX and environmental variables can alter the density and diversity of the bacterial communities of the contaminated site. With the results found in the study it was observed that the contamination at the site occurs diffusely and bioremediation hypothesis in the area can not be ruled out.