Caracterização de um solo tropical visando sua utilização como material para pequenas construções em terra compactada

• Autor(a) principal: Cordeiro, Carol Cardoso Moura
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFMT
• Texto Completo: http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/2932
• topic: Construção com terra; Taipa de pilão; Terra crua; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS; Earth construction; Rammed earth; Rammed earth

Vernacular constructions with earth, largely used by almost civilizations of the past, have over time been replaced by industrialized techniques and materials as a result of technological advances in the construction industry. This attends several requirements of the modern users, which the constructions in earth, as they were being practiced, did not supply. Nowadays, the objective is to minimize the environmental impacts of construction and, in this direction, the techniques of Earth construction are potential alternatives, since the material is available on site and burning processes are not incorporated in its production. In this favorable context, rammed earth, one of the widely used techniques, has become a potential option for modern buildings. In this context, the main objective of this research is to characterize physically, mechanically and thermally a sample of tropical soil, with a view to using it in constructions on rammed earth, contributing to the improvement and dissemination of the technique in Brazil. For this purpose, empirical and normative criteria were initially used to perform physical characterization tests of a soil sample, defined as lateritic gravel, from the city of Cuiabá - MT in two phases: according to the relevant Brazilian Standards and according to with field trials, aiming the validation of field trials. Then, performance tests were performed on the resistance to simple axial compression, of thermal performance and performance of erosion resistance. The results of the field tests were validated by the laboratory geotechnical tests for granulometry and plasticity. However, in the obtained results, the determination of the optimum compaction moisture presented a considerable discrepancy. The average simple axial compression strength was 0.72 MPa. In relation to the thermal performance, the surface of the test specimen presented an absorbance of 61.63%, a thermal transmittance equal to 1.84 W/(m².K), thermal capacity of 239.79 kJ/(m².K) , thermal delay of 6.89 hours and solar factor of 4.57%. When considering the soil in a rammed earth wall of 0.30 m thickness, the calculated values were: thermal transmittance equal to 0,63 W/(m².K), thermal capacity of 346,62 kJ/(m².K ), thermal delay of 16.16 hours and solar factor of 1.56%. The erosion resistance test by the Geelong method indicated an erodibility index of 2, indicating a high erosion resistance. The physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the earth under study can be concluded that it has the potential to be used in structures with small constructions, even though it does not present exceptional values in its various characterization parameters - either in relation to plasticity, at the level of its compressive strength and the solar factor for the bioclimatic zone of origin. The good behavior regarding thermal comfort and the durability of erosive factors are qualities that can be highlighted and that make it even more interesting for use as a construction material.