Etnobotânica na comunidade pantaneira Mimoseana em Mato Grosso : Brasil e o potencial alelopático de Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão

• Autor(a) principal: Espiríto Santo, Gesica Ramos do
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFMT
• Texto Completo: http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/4589
• topic: Mimoso; Pantanal; Fitotoxicidade; Aroeira; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL; Mimoso; Pantanal; Phytotoxicity; Aroeira

The use of plants is a common practice among human populations. Since the dawn of mankind, man has used plant diversity for various purposes, such as crafts, food, construction, medicine, among others. Historically, the scenario of popular use of natural products for the treatment of various pathologies is reported in the most varied contexts, from ritual-religious and cultural practices to respected traditional medicine. The popular use of medicinal plants is a practice that has been propagated for successive generations. The knowledge related to medicinal plants by a community is inherent to its cultural historicity and runs through successive generations. The objective of this research was to characterize in an integrated way the traditional knowledge that residents of the community of Mimoso, in the municipality of Santo Antônio do Leverger - MT have about the local flora, as well as the use, management and conservation of plant resources. available and evaluate the allelopathic potential of the most cited medicinal species. For that, qualitative and quantitative treatments were used. The qualitative one used the snowball sampling technique with pre-test application, semi-structured and open interviews, guided tour and photographic record. For the quantitative treatment, the Informed Consensus was used, which evaluated the Level of Loyalty (NF), Correction Factor (FC) and the relative importance of agreement of use (Pcup%) among the informants who use medicinal plants. A phytotoxicity test of Myracrodrun urundeuva was carried out with the preparations of the leaves of the plant, since this species was the most cited by the population. Fifty-five residents were interviewed in their homes, the majority of whom were female (59%). Age ranged from 18 to 94 years. As for the origin 53% were born in Mimoso, and the majority has lived in the community for more than 40 years. Monthly family income (71%) reaches a minimum wage, and 89% of respondents have children. As for the respondents' education, it ranged from non-schooled to higher education, with an emphasis on elementary education with 51%. Regarding marital status, 60% of the informants are married, and work at home is the main activity performed by 38%. According to Mimoseanos reports, the religious nature is traditionally configured by Catholicism (67%). In total, 164 plant species were cited, with 964 usage citations, belonging to 64 botanical families. The most representative plants are included in the Fabaceae botanical families (9%); Asteraceae, (6%); Anarcadiacea (6%), Lamiaceae (6%); Solanaceae (5%). Among the ethnocategories for the use of vegetables in the Mimosean community, medicinal plants stand out with 71% of the mentioned species (113 species), food with 31% (19 species), mystical with 6% and ornamental with 4%. Regarding the preparation of home remedies, tea or infusion, equivalent to 82%, was the form most used by the interviewees, with the leaf (56%) being the most used part of the plant for empirical therapeutic treatments, used as tea, in infusion form. The Corrected Concordance Percentages of the Main Uses for each of the Pcup species (%) registered in the Mimoseana community, M. urundeuva (PCUP 56%) stands out. In the tests carried out with the aqueous extracts of M. urundeuva the results obtained show that the different concentrations of the leaf extract did not affect the germination of the lettuce seeds and the allelopathic potential was observed in the development characteristics of the seedlings. The similarity of the actions of the secondary compounds present in the aroeira leaves is possible with bioherbicide function in the crops belonging to the landscape units, mainly, in vegetable gardens and backyards, as a way of controlling weeds.