Pavimentação asfáltica da BR-163 Amazônica e suas implicações na retomada do desmatamento na Amazônia Legal : uma análise socioambiental e econômica à luz da nova economia institucional

• Autor(a) principal: Ely, Regiane de Arruda Souza
• Data de Publicação: 2021
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFMT
• Texto Completo: http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/4644
• topic: Desmatamento; Pavimentação asfáltica; Amazônia Legal; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA; Deforestation; Asphalt paving; Legal Amazon

This work aims to investigate the implications of the asphalt paving of the BR-163 in the resumption of recent deforestation in the Legal Amazon. There is a correlation between deforestation and socioeconomic and environmental variables adopted from the beginning of paving in 2008 until completion in 2019, guiding the analysis by each stretch and period of paving. It is assumed that paving is just a vector that triggers the expansion of this last economic frontier, guided by the development of agricultural activities, especially: livestock, logging and soy. The hypothesis being worked on is that the expansion of this frontier through the occupation and development of agricultural activities takes place in a disorderly way, given the violence and fierce land conflict that permeate this frontier leading to disorganization and having as one of the results , the intensification of deforestation in the Legal Amazon. This disorder is explained by the lack of rules that limit human action or by the way these rules are imposed by the Government without the necessary governance to meet local specificities, especially of local actors, although the Federal Government has made a first effort with the BR-163 Plan - sustainable. Therefore, the New Institutional Economics was used as a theoretical basis for analysis, as this seeks to establish a bridge between Development and the action of human beings, through the establishment of rules, allowing the understanding of the results found. In parallel with the NEI, the instrument used was Spatial Econometrics, through the SAR model and the Exploratory Analysis of Spatial Data to confirm the movement of variables and the frontier, as the literature states that deforestation has a spatial dynamic in such a way that Econometrics Spatial would be the most appropriate method for capturing this dynamic. The results obtained from the proposed methodology confirm the advance of agricultural activities with the paving of the BR-163 Amazon. especially from pasture areas for the development of livestock and later for the cultivation of soy, with the formation of clusters and correlation of these variables with recent deforestation. From an economic point of view, the signs of development are unconvincing, showing no positive differences in relation to GDP per capita, education, health, population density, number of employees in the sectors of the economy. From an environmental point of view, there is a drop in pre-existing forest cover and a recent increase in logging, which guide that new deforestation should take place. Finally, NEI consolidates the understanding of this complex dynamic because, together with asphalt paving, the Government agent with the publication of Law No. 13.465/2017 (Amnesty Law for public lands that were occupied between 2005/2011) provides progress border disorder, so that in addition to the intensification of deforestation, pressure is exerted on conservation units and especially on indigenous lands for the expansion of pasture areas for cattle and for the cultivation of soy, which for now function as a barrier to contain deforestation.