Índices de crescimento e componentes da produção do milho e soja em sistemas agrossilvipastoris
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2015 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFMT |
Texto Completo: | http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/2429 |
Resumo: | Agroforestry systems are characterized by the diversification of production comprising several activities and cultures involving agriculture, forestry and cattle-raising activities within the same area and the same system for higher efficiency in land use. Growth indexes and production components of corn and soybean in agroforestry systems were assessed. Two field experiments were undertaken in the area Embrapa Gado de Corte, in Campo Grande MS Brazil (20º27’ S; 54º37’ W; 530 m altitude) during the 2012-2013 agricultural year. Agroforestry system was implemented in January 2009 by transplanting eucalyptus seedlings in simple rows with spacing 14 x 2m and 22 x 2m (East-West). Eucalyptus plants were 4 years old and 21 m high when the annual crops were planted. In December 2012, the first experiment with corn was conducted in 216 m2 plots, and was composed of four paddocks totaling 864 m2 in a 22 x 2m (ILPF22m) agroforestry system; corn was sown at a 0.90 m spacing within the eucalyptus spaces. The second experiment had a total area of 20 ha and was composed of twelve 16.666 m2 paddocks. Soybean was planted in November 2012 in the three integrated systems of agricultural production (ILPF22m: agriculture-livestock-forestry, spacing of eucalyptus 22 x 2 m; ILPF14m: agriculture-livestock-forestry, spacing of eucalyptus 14 x 2 m; ILP: agriculture-livestock). Randomized block design was employed for corn, with four replications, with sub-subdivided split plots. Each split plot (main treatment) comprised three corn hybrids (9005 PRO, 390 PRO and 2B707 HX); sub-split plots (secondary treatment) comprised two cultivation modes of corn crop (corn in monoculture and intercropped with piatã grass); sub-sub split plot comprised the sampling sites A, B, C, D and E (North-South), with distances 3 m, 7 m, 11 m, 7 m and 3 m from tree rows, respectively, with Site C as the central site between the tree rows. At mid-day, corn plants were totally covered under the eucalyptus canopy at distances A and E; covering was intermediate at B and D distance; plants were totally exposed to the sun at C (outside the canopy). Growth indexes, such as relative and absolute growth rates, net assimilation rate and leaf area index of plants in the split plot, were assessed. Number of grains per cob, total mass of grains per cob, mass of 1000 grains, cob yield and grain productivity were the production components of corn evaluated in the central row of the split plot. Growth indexes and production components of corn were affected by the intensity of photosynthetic radiation at the sampling sites close to the eucalyptus rows. Lowest productivity rates of the hybrids under analysis occurred at these sites. The second experiment (soybean) comprised randomized block designs with four replications. Treatments consisted of subdivided split plots. Each plot (main treatment) comprised the three systems of production integration (ILPF22m, ILPF14m, ILP), the sub-split plot (secondary treatment) comprised the five sampling sites of the agroforestry systems with 3 m, 7 m, 11 m, 7 m, 3 m as the distances of the eucalyptus rows for ILPF22m and distances 2.2 m, 4.6 m, 7 m, 4.6 m, 2.2 m for ILPF14m. Sampling sites were identified by A, B, C, D, E (NorthSouth). Soybean cultivar BRS 318RR was used. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was evaluated fortnightly over the soybean canopy. Growth indexes were evaluated taking into account absolute and relative growth, net assimilation rate and leaf area index. Production components of soybean such as grain productivity, amount of pods per plant, mass of one thousand grains and harvest index were evaluated. Corn production components decreased at sampling sites near the eucalyptus canopy due to shade. ILP system provided higher growth and productivity indexes of soybean than ILPF systems. Soybean was more promising under shading. Grain production was higher than corn even with RFA restrictions in certain sampling sites. |
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Índices de crescimento e componentes da produção do milho e soja em sistemas agrossilvipastorisZea mays L.Urochloa brizanthaEucalyptus spp.Sistemas consorciados de produçãoCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIASZea mays L.Urochloa brizanthaEucalyptus spp.Intercrop system of productionAgroforestry systems are characterized by the diversification of production comprising several activities and cultures involving agriculture, forestry and cattle-raising activities within the same area and the same system for higher efficiency in land use. Growth indexes and production components of corn and soybean in agroforestry systems were assessed. Two field experiments were undertaken in the area Embrapa Gado de Corte, in Campo Grande MS Brazil (20º27’ S; 54º37’ W; 530 m altitude) during the 2012-2013 agricultural year. Agroforestry system was implemented in January 2009 by transplanting eucalyptus seedlings in simple rows with spacing 14 x 2m and 22 x 2m (East-West). Eucalyptus plants were 4 years old and 21 m high when the annual crops were planted. In December 2012, the first experiment with corn was conducted in 216 m2 plots, and was composed of four paddocks totaling 864 m2 in a 22 x 2m (ILPF22m) agroforestry system; corn was sown at a 0.90 m spacing within the eucalyptus spaces. The second experiment had a total area of 20 ha and was composed of twelve 16.666 m2 paddocks. Soybean was planted in November 2012 in the three integrated systems of agricultural production (ILPF22m: agriculture-livestock-forestry, spacing of eucalyptus 22 x 2 m; ILPF14m: agriculture-livestock-forestry, spacing of eucalyptus 14 x 2 m; ILP: agriculture-livestock). Randomized block design was employed for corn, with four replications, with sub-subdivided split plots. Each split plot (main treatment) comprised three corn hybrids (9005 PRO, 390 PRO and 2B707 HX); sub-split plots (secondary treatment) comprised two cultivation modes of corn crop (corn in monoculture and intercropped with piatã grass); sub-sub split plot comprised the sampling sites A, B, C, D and E (North-South), with distances 3 m, 7 m, 11 m, 7 m and 3 m from tree rows, respectively, with Site C as the central site between the tree rows. At mid-day, corn plants were totally covered under the eucalyptus canopy at distances A and E; covering was intermediate at B and D distance; plants were totally exposed to the sun at C (outside the canopy). Growth indexes, such as relative and absolute growth rates, net assimilation rate and leaf area index of plants in the split plot, were assessed. Number of grains per cob, total mass of grains per cob, mass of 1000 grains, cob yield and grain productivity were the production components of corn evaluated in the central row of the split plot. Growth indexes and production components of corn were affected by the intensity of photosynthetic radiation at the sampling sites close to the eucalyptus rows. Lowest productivity rates of the hybrids under analysis occurred at these sites. The second experiment (soybean) comprised randomized block designs with four replications. Treatments consisted of subdivided split plots. Each plot (main treatment) comprised the three systems of production integration (ILPF22m, ILPF14m, ILP), the sub-split plot (secondary treatment) comprised the five sampling sites of the agroforestry systems with 3 m, 7 m, 11 m, 7 m, 3 m as the distances of the eucalyptus rows for ILPF22m and distances 2.2 m, 4.6 m, 7 m, 4.6 m, 2.2 m for ILPF14m. Sampling sites were identified by A, B, C, D, E (NorthSouth). Soybean cultivar BRS 318RR was used. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was evaluated fortnightly over the soybean canopy. Growth indexes were evaluated taking into account absolute and relative growth, net assimilation rate and leaf area index. Production components of soybean such as grain productivity, amount of pods per plant, mass of one thousand grains and harvest index were evaluated. Corn production components decreased at sampling sites near the eucalyptus canopy due to shade. ILP system provided higher growth and productivity indexes of soybean than ILPF systems. Soybean was more promising under shading. Grain production was higher than corn even with RFA restrictions in certain sampling sites.CAPESOs sistemas agrossilvipastoris caracterizam-se como uma forma de diversificar a produção utilizando-se de várias atividades e culturas na propriedade, que pode englobar as atividades agrícola, florestal e pecuária na mesma área num só sistema, com vistas à eficiência do uso da terra. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar os índices de crescimento e os componentes da produção do milho e soja em sistemas agrossilvipastoris. Realizaram-se dois experimentos a campo em área da Embrapa Gado de Corte, em Campo Grande-MS (20º27’ S e 54º37’ W, 530 m de altitude), no ano agrícola de 2012/2013. O sistema agrossilvipastoril foi implantado em janeiro de 2009, com o transplantio de mudas de eucalipto em arranjo de linhas simples no espaçamento de 14 x 2 m e 22 x 2 m (sentido leste-oeste). No momento de semeadura das culturas anuais, o eucalipto tinha quatro anos de idade e 21 m de altura. O primeiro experimento com a cultura do milho foi implantado em parcelas de 216 m 2 , composto em quatro piquetes com área total de 864 m2 , no sistema agrossilvipastoril com arranjo espacial de 22 x 2 m (ILPF22m), a cultura do milho foi semeada com espaçamento de 0,90 m entre si, nas entrelinhas do eucalipto em dezembro de 2012. No segundo experimento, com área total de 20 ha, composto de doze piquetes de 16.666 m 2 , a cultura da soja foi semeada em novembro de 2012 nos três sistemas integrados de produção agrícola (ILPF22m: lavoura-pecuáriafloresta com espaçamento de eucalipto de 22 x 2 m; ILPF14m: lavoura- pecuáriafloresta com espaçamento de eucalipto de 14 x 2 m; ILP: lavoura- pecuária). Para a cultura do milho utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcelas sub-subdivididas, considerando como parcela (tratamento principal) os três híbridos de milho (9005 PRO, 390 PRO e 2B707 HX); como subparcelas (tratamento secundário) foram consideradas duas modalidades de cultivo da cultura do milho (milho em monocultivo e consorciado com capimpiatã); como sub-subparcela, os locais de amostragem identificados por letras A, B, C, D e E (sentido norte-sul), com as seguintes distâncias das fileiras de árvores: 3 m, 7 m, 11 m, 7 m e 3 m, respectivamente, sendo o ponto C correspondente ao ponto central entre as fileiras de árvores. Nas duas primeiras distâncias (A, E), o milho ficou completamente sob a copa do eucalipto; a terceira distância era intermediária (B, D); e na quarta (C) as plantas estavam completamente expostas ao sol (fora da copa), considerando a projeção da copa ao meio‑dia. Foram avaliados os índices de crescimento, como a taxa de crescimento relativo e absoluto, a taxa de assimilação líquida e o índice de área foliar nas plantas representativas da parcela. Os componentes de produção da cultura do milho avaliados na linha central da parcela foram: o número de grãos por espiga, a massa total de grãos por espigas, a massa de 1.000 grãos, o rendimento de espigas e a produtividade de grãos. Os índices de crescimento e os componentes da produção do milho foram influenciados pela intensidade da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa nos pontos de amostragem próximos às fileiras de eucalipto. Nesses pontos foram observadas as menores produtividades de grãos dos híbridos avaliados. No segundo experimento, com a cultura da soja, utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, considerando-se como parcela (tratamento principal) os três sistemas de integração de produção (ILPF22m, ILPF14m, ILP), a subparcela (tratamento secundário) foi considerada nos cinco locais de amostragens dos sistemas agrossilvipastoris nas seguintes distâncias das fileiras de eucalipto para o ILPF22m: 3 m, 7 m, 11 m, 7 m, 3 m e no sistema de ILPF14m: 2,2 m, 4,6 m, 7 m, 4,6 m, 2,2 m. Os locais de amostragem foram identificados por letras A, B, C, D, E (sentido norte-sul). Utilizouse cultivar de soja BRS 318RR. A radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (RFA) foi medida a cada quinze dias sobre o dossel da soja. Os índices de crescimento foram avaliados, considerando a taxa de crescimento absoluto e relativo, a taxa de assimilação líquida e o índice de área foliar. Ainda foram avaliados os componentes da produção da cultura da soja, como a produtividade de grãos, a quantidade de vagens por planta, a massa de mil grãos e o índice de colheita. Nos locais de amostragens próximos às copas dos eucaliptos houve redução nos componentes de produção da soja devido ao sombreamento exercido pelo eucalipto. O sistema de ILP proporciona maiores índices de crescimento e produtividade de grãos de soja do que os sistemas de ILPF. A cultura da soja demonstrou-se mais promissora nas condições de sombreamento, pois mesmo com a restrição de RFA em determinados locais de amostragem, a produtividade de grãos foi superior à cultura do milho.Universidade Federal de Mato GrossoBrasilFaculdade de Agronomia, Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEVZ)UFMT CUC - CuiabáPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura TropicalAbreu, Joadil Gonçalves deAlmeida, Roberto Giolo dehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1720610993729013http://lattes.cnpq.br/1410481664723748Abreu, Joadil Gonçalves de830.338.746-49http://lattes.cnpq.br/1410481664723748Almeida, Roberto Giolo de109.704.138-74http://lattes.cnpq.br/1720610993729013830.338.746-49109.704.138-74Caneppele, Maria Aparecida Braga229.329.761-68http://lattes.cnpq.br/7701186037224105Azevedo, Virgínia Helena de594.296.231-68http://lattes.cnpq.br/9478919935191199Macedo, Manuel Claudio Motta618.722.298-91http://lattes.cnpq.br/3572190832440327Crusciol, Carlos Alexandre Costa070.552.998-37http://lattes.cnpq.br/9281484833327774Quintino, Andréia da Cruz2021-05-05T14:02:30Z2015-11-302021-05-05T14:02:30Z2015-10-08info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisQUINTINO, Andréia da Cruz. Índices de crescimento e componentes da produção do milho e soja em sistemas agrossilvipastoris. 2015. 111 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agricultura Tropical) - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Agronomia, Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Cuiabá, 2015.http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/2429porinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFMTinstname:Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT)instacron:UFMT2021-05-08T07:01:41Zoai:localhost:1/2429Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://ri.ufmt.br/oai/requestjordanbiblio@gmail.comopendoar:2021-05-08T07:01:41Repositório Institucional da UFMT - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Índices de crescimento e componentes da produção do milho e soja em sistemas agrossilvipastoris |
title |
Índices de crescimento e componentes da produção do milho e soja em sistemas agrossilvipastoris |
spellingShingle |
Índices de crescimento e componentes da produção do milho e soja em sistemas agrossilvipastoris Quintino, Andréia da Cruz Zea mays L. Urochloa brizantha Eucalyptus spp. Sistemas consorciados de produção CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS Zea mays L. Urochloa brizantha Eucalyptus spp. Intercrop system of production |
title_short |
Índices de crescimento e componentes da produção do milho e soja em sistemas agrossilvipastoris |
title_full |
Índices de crescimento e componentes da produção do milho e soja em sistemas agrossilvipastoris |
title_fullStr |
Índices de crescimento e componentes da produção do milho e soja em sistemas agrossilvipastoris |
title_full_unstemmed |
Índices de crescimento e componentes da produção do milho e soja em sistemas agrossilvipastoris |
title_sort |
Índices de crescimento e componentes da produção do milho e soja em sistemas agrossilvipastoris |
author |
Quintino, Andréia da Cruz |
author_facet |
Quintino, Andréia da Cruz |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Abreu, Joadil Gonçalves de Almeida, Roberto Giolo de http://lattes.cnpq.br/1720610993729013 http://lattes.cnpq.br/1410481664723748 Abreu, Joadil Gonçalves de 830.338.746-49 http://lattes.cnpq.br/1410481664723748 Almeida, Roberto Giolo de 109.704.138-74 http://lattes.cnpq.br/1720610993729013 830.338.746-49 109.704.138-74 Caneppele, Maria Aparecida Braga 229.329.761-68 http://lattes.cnpq.br/7701186037224105 Azevedo, Virgínia Helena de 594.296.231-68 http://lattes.cnpq.br/9478919935191199 Macedo, Manuel Claudio Motta 618.722.298-91 http://lattes.cnpq.br/3572190832440327 Crusciol, Carlos Alexandre Costa 070.552.998-37 http://lattes.cnpq.br/9281484833327774 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Quintino, Andréia da Cruz |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Zea mays L. Urochloa brizantha Eucalyptus spp. Sistemas consorciados de produção CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS Zea mays L. Urochloa brizantha Eucalyptus spp. Intercrop system of production |
topic |
Zea mays L. Urochloa brizantha Eucalyptus spp. Sistemas consorciados de produção CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS Zea mays L. Urochloa brizantha Eucalyptus spp. Intercrop system of production |
description |
Agroforestry systems are characterized by the diversification of production comprising several activities and cultures involving agriculture, forestry and cattle-raising activities within the same area and the same system for higher efficiency in land use. Growth indexes and production components of corn and soybean in agroforestry systems were assessed. Two field experiments were undertaken in the area Embrapa Gado de Corte, in Campo Grande MS Brazil (20º27’ S; 54º37’ W; 530 m altitude) during the 2012-2013 agricultural year. Agroforestry system was implemented in January 2009 by transplanting eucalyptus seedlings in simple rows with spacing 14 x 2m and 22 x 2m (East-West). Eucalyptus plants were 4 years old and 21 m high when the annual crops were planted. In December 2012, the first experiment with corn was conducted in 216 m2 plots, and was composed of four paddocks totaling 864 m2 in a 22 x 2m (ILPF22m) agroforestry system; corn was sown at a 0.90 m spacing within the eucalyptus spaces. The second experiment had a total area of 20 ha and was composed of twelve 16.666 m2 paddocks. Soybean was planted in November 2012 in the three integrated systems of agricultural production (ILPF22m: agriculture-livestock-forestry, spacing of eucalyptus 22 x 2 m; ILPF14m: agriculture-livestock-forestry, spacing of eucalyptus 14 x 2 m; ILP: agriculture-livestock). Randomized block design was employed for corn, with four replications, with sub-subdivided split plots. Each split plot (main treatment) comprised three corn hybrids (9005 PRO, 390 PRO and 2B707 HX); sub-split plots (secondary treatment) comprised two cultivation modes of corn crop (corn in monoculture and intercropped with piatã grass); sub-sub split plot comprised the sampling sites A, B, C, D and E (North-South), with distances 3 m, 7 m, 11 m, 7 m and 3 m from tree rows, respectively, with Site C as the central site between the tree rows. At mid-day, corn plants were totally covered under the eucalyptus canopy at distances A and E; covering was intermediate at B and D distance; plants were totally exposed to the sun at C (outside the canopy). Growth indexes, such as relative and absolute growth rates, net assimilation rate and leaf area index of plants in the split plot, were assessed. Number of grains per cob, total mass of grains per cob, mass of 1000 grains, cob yield and grain productivity were the production components of corn evaluated in the central row of the split plot. Growth indexes and production components of corn were affected by the intensity of photosynthetic radiation at the sampling sites close to the eucalyptus rows. Lowest productivity rates of the hybrids under analysis occurred at these sites. The second experiment (soybean) comprised randomized block designs with four replications. Treatments consisted of subdivided split plots. Each plot (main treatment) comprised the three systems of production integration (ILPF22m, ILPF14m, ILP), the sub-split plot (secondary treatment) comprised the five sampling sites of the agroforestry systems with 3 m, 7 m, 11 m, 7 m, 3 m as the distances of the eucalyptus rows for ILPF22m and distances 2.2 m, 4.6 m, 7 m, 4.6 m, 2.2 m for ILPF14m. Sampling sites were identified by A, B, C, D, E (NorthSouth). Soybean cultivar BRS 318RR was used. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was evaluated fortnightly over the soybean canopy. Growth indexes were evaluated taking into account absolute and relative growth, net assimilation rate and leaf area index. Production components of soybean such as grain productivity, amount of pods per plant, mass of one thousand grains and harvest index were evaluated. Corn production components decreased at sampling sites near the eucalyptus canopy due to shade. ILP system provided higher growth and productivity indexes of soybean than ILPF systems. Soybean was more promising under shading. Grain production was higher than corn even with RFA restrictions in certain sampling sites. |
publishDate |
2015 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2015-11-30 2015-10-08 2021-05-05T14:02:30Z 2021-05-05T14:02:30Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
QUINTINO, Andréia da Cruz. Índices de crescimento e componentes da produção do milho e soja em sistemas agrossilvipastoris. 2015. 111 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agricultura Tropical) - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Agronomia, Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Cuiabá, 2015. http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/2429 |
identifier_str_mv |
QUINTINO, Andréia da Cruz. Índices de crescimento e componentes da produção do milho e soja em sistemas agrossilvipastoris. 2015. 111 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agricultura Tropical) - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Agronomia, Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Cuiabá, 2015. |
url |
http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/2429 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Brasil Faculdade de Agronomia, Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEVZ) UFMT CUC - Cuiabá Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura Tropical |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Brasil Faculdade de Agronomia, Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEVZ) UFMT CUC - Cuiabá Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura Tropical |
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Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT) |
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Repositório Institucional da UFMT |
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Repositório Institucional da UFMT - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT) |
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jordanbiblio@gmail.com |
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