Qualidade física e desempenho agronômico de culturas anuais em um latossolo (LVAd) submetido a aplicação de resíduos agroindustriais

• Autor(a) principal: Jardini, Debora Curado
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFMT
• Texto Completo: http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/2589
• topic: Matéria orgânica; Atributos físicos; Índice de qualidade física; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS; Organic matter; Physical attributes; Physical quality index

The State of Mato Grosso, in each crop, occupies a prominent place in the national production of grains. Among the factors promoting this advance are the availability of technologies to the productive sector and the expansion of new agricultural areas. Despite the technologies employed in the production process, farmers are observing that grain yield in the State is stagnant, due to several factors such as deterioration of soil physical attributes, poorly diversified soil use systems and low input of organic matter. Considering the hypothesis that the use of agroindustrial residues of different C/N ratios can promote improvements in the physical attributes of the soil and, consequently, favor the productivity of soybean and corn crops, the present study aimed to evaluate the physical quality of the soil and the agronomic performance of soybean and corn crops grown in succession in a clayey dystrophic Yellow Red Oxisol after five years of application of agroindustrial residues. Therefore, an experiment started in 2012 in the municipality of Campo Verde - MT, in which three residues were applied (cane filter cake - TFC, sawdust of peroba and cedrinho wood - SPC and eucalyptus sawdust - SE) in three treatments (6, 12 and 18 t ha-1 ), in two treatments (with incorporation of the material with leveling grid before sowing and without incorporation), with three replicates for each treatment and two additional treatments (without application of the residue and without soil rotation, without the application of the residue and with the soil). The experimental design was in randomized blocks with subdivided plots, the plots constituting the plots and the subplots the treatments (residues and doses). The following soil physical attributes were evaluated: total porosity (Pt), macroporosity (Ma), microporosity (Mi), soil density (Ds), soil water retention curve (CRA), aggregate stability index (IEA), aggregate micromorphometry, total carbon (CT), and total nitrogen (NT). These attributes were used to obtain the soil physical quality index. Morphological and productive characteristics of soybean and corn crops were also evaluated. The physical attributes Ma, Mi, Ds, CC, CAD, S index, the parameter "n" of the CRA and CT were changed by the handling. Eucalyptus sawdust at doses of 6 and 18 t ha-1 and sawdust of peroba and cedrinho at doses of 6 and 12 t ha-1 provided better IQFS. The morphological and productive characteristics of corn crop were not altered by treatments and soil management. Eucalyptus sawdust at a dose of 18 t ha-1, regardless of management, provided higher number of pods per plant and soybean yield, becoming an alternative to increase crop yield in the studied soil class.