Atributos microbiológicos do solo em sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária no ecótono Cerrado-Amazônia

• Autor(a) principal: Sousa, Heiriane Martins
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFMT
• Texto Completo: http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/477
• topic: Sustentabilidade do solo; Qualidade microbiológica do solo; Sistemas integrados de produção; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS; Soil sustainability; Soil biological quality; Integrated production systems

The Crop-Livestock (iLP) system integration is an alternative for the conservation of natural resources. Its main feature is to include annual crops and pastures in the same area, with goals to increase profits maintain and or improve the chemical, physical and biological soil properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological soil properties and their resilience, as indicators of soil quality in iLP systems, in the Cerrado-Amazon Ecotone of Mato Grosso state. Soil samples were collected in 5 conformations of iLP, a native forest and a succession of crops (soybean/maize) during the rainy season, in two seasons (2012 and 2013). Through univariate analysis, it was observed that the microbiological variables (microbial biomass carbon = MBC; basal respiration; metabolic quotient; activity of the enzymes β-glucosidase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, urease; enumeration of cellulolytic micro-organisms, actinomycetes, bacteria and soil fungi) were influenced by systems and collection times. The second collection time (2013) generally resulted in higher results in microbiological attributes. The highest levels of the MBC were observed in systems with greater diversification and supply of organic matter, as in native forest and iLP A (which from 2005-2009 remained with 3 annual crops and 2009-2011 with Brachiaria brizantha). The systems had modified the activity of enzymes. In which, two systems with iLP resembled the native forest, this in turn, presented a more stable production of enzymes than other systems. Populations of micro-organisms were affected by the systems, but unlike enzymes, the results were higher than in the iLP reference system. In the multivariate analysis, the systems showed results homogeneous and were grouped forming a group in 2012. But there was a segregation of these systems in 2013, where they formed two groups with similar functions on the variables. From one of these groups could be identified that iLP C and iLP A were the systems that most resembled to the native forest, this fact proves that iLP corroborates with the maintenance and/or improvement of the microbiological attributes. Climatic factors had a high influence on the results. The enzyme β-glucosidase showed a strong correlation over other enzymes. The microbiological variables are sensitive to changes in function of land use and time, and are good indicators of soil quality. The collection time influenced the microbiological results. The integrated production system provides resilience in the structure and function of soil microbes. And it is a tool of the least impactful soil management and greater ability to sustainability of soil microbiological component.