Sistemas de produção de soja em plantio direto com calagem superficial e seus efeitos na dinâmica de nematoides, atributos químicos e biológicos do solo

• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Rayane Gabriel da
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFMT
• Texto Completo: http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/3705
• topic: Acidez do solo; Calcário em superfície; Culturas de cobertura; Rotação de culturas; Glycine max; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA; Soil acidity; Surface limestone; Cover crops; Crop rotation; Glycine max

The indiscriminate adoption of superficial liming can cause imbalances in the chemical and biological attributes of soil, nematode dynamics and crop yields, the intensity of which depends on the limestone rate and the production system adopted. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of superficial liming in long-term no-tillage production systems on the chemical and biological attributes of soil, nematode populations and soybean and off-season corn yields in the 10th and 11th year of experiment conduction. The experiment was installed in the 2008/2009 seasons crop in Itiquira – Mato Grosso State, in Cerrado dystrophic Red Latosol (Oxisol) with clay texture. The experimental design used was complete randomized blocks with treatments arranged in a split plot design, with four replications. The plots were consisted of three production systems (monoculture, succession and crop rotation) and the subplots by four rates of superficial dolomitic limestone (0.0; 2.0; 4.0 and 8.0 Mg ha-1). Results were submitted to univariate and multivariate analysis of variance, comparing the averages of production systems by Tukey test (p<0.05) and limestone rates analyzed by regression. The succession of soybean-millet and crop rotation provided higher levels of exchangeable calcium and magnesium and resulted in higher biological quality soil (organic matter and β-glucosidase and arylsulfatase enzyme activities) in the 0.0-0.1 m layer compared to soybean monoculture. Crop rotation favored higher soybean yields and proved to be efficient in reducing viable and unviable and female Heterodera glycines cysts in soil and root, however, it was not effective in reducing the Helicotylenchus spp. populations. The increase in limestone rates decreased the soybeans yield and Pratylenchus brachyurus and Helicotylenchus spp. populations and increased the viable and unviable and female cysts of H. glycines in the soil and soybean root.