NANOFILTROS NATURAIS PARA APLICAÇÃO EM BIORREMEDIAÇÃO

• Autor(a) principal: Santini, Jéssica Cristine Viera Machado
• Data de Publicação: 2023
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional Universidade Franciscana
• Texto Completo: http://www.tede.universidadefranciscana.edu.br:8080/handle/UFN-BDTD/1175
• topic: Nanotecnologia, Filtros Naturais, Biorremediação, Sustentabilidade.; Nanotechnology, Natural Filters, Bioremediation, Sustainability.; Interdisciplinar

With the transformations of industry, humanity began to really change the face of the planet, the nature of its atmosphere and the quality of water. The environmental, social and economic impacts of the degradation of water quality are reflected, among others, in the loss of biodiversity, the increase in waterborne diseases, the increase in the cost of treating water intended for domestic supply and industrial use. This work was conceived with the objective of carrying out the decontamination of water for human subsistence, using a sustainable and effective alternative, based on the use of biomass nanospheres from the microalgae Spirulina maxima. A bibliographic survey was carried out regarding the use of Microalgae and Nanotechnology for Bioremediation, the production of a filter containing nanospheres and Life Cycle Assessment in order to evaluate the environmental sustainability of the entire filter production process, with the attempt to identify the aspects responsible for most of the impacts and propose strategies to mitigate these impacts. After reviewing the literature, we proceeded to obtain fibers by electrospinning. Soon after, these processes were evaluated using the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodology along with the Simapro 8.5 software, with data being fed involving each process from cultivation to the end with the production of the microalgal filter, where the chosen method was Impact 2002. As a result, it can be confirmed that more and more microalgae have been demonstrating their high performance potential in the bioremediation of various compounds. The electrospinning technique, to obtain nanofibers, is easy to reproduce and the filter produced proved to be effective for the initially proposed objective: potability and retention of microorganisms, and also according to the physical-chemical and microbiological analysis, the filtered water presented absence of fecal/thermotolerant microorganisms, helping to control the filtration of particles, making the water more potable and safer for consumption, according to the analyzed parameters. After carrying out the slow filtration, it was found that the water did not change the pH, only the color, which was already expected, since the positive action of the filter was verified during the successive filtrations. The results presented through the X-ray diffractogram of the nanofilter showed typical peaks of semicrystalline material where chitosan is present. The wettability of the nanofibers was evaluated by measuring the contact angle and both samples were predominantly hydrophobic, as they had a contact angle greater than 90º. With new technologies and improvement of joint techniques with the use of Nanotechnology, there is a greater contribution to the improvement of large-scale water purification systems for water filters.