Validação de questionário para identificar o conhecimento de pediatras sobre alergia a proteína do leite de vaca

• Autor(a) principal: Pillon, Camile Goebel
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional Universidade Franciscana
• Texto Completo: http://www.tede.universidadefranciscana.edu.br:8080/handle/UFN-BDTD/954
• topic: Hipersensibilidade alimentar. Conhecimento. Pediatras.; Food hypersensitivity. Knowledge. Pediatricians.; Saúde Materno Infantil

Introduction: The food allergy, “alergia alimentar” (AA), is defined as a disease resulting from an anomalous immune response, which occurs after ingestion and/or contact with certain food(s). The knowledge of physicians regarding AA has been evaluated in several countries and it was observed that there are gaps in knowledge. Justification: The use of the questionnaire as an evaluation method will contribute to improve medical procedures, in relation to the main symptoms, diagnoses and treatment on the subject. Consequently, to optimize the number of cow's milk protein allergy (APLV) cases, as well as reducing unnecessary treatments, restrictive diets and health expenditures. Objectives: To construct and validate a questionnaire to identify the knowledge of Brazilian pediatricians about APLV and to analyze this knowledge through this questionnaire online. Methodology: The study presents a descriptive outline with a quantitative approach of instrument methodological validation. Data collection was performed after the institutional procedures and approval of the Ethics and Research Committee. It was constituted in the elaboration and validation of the contents of a questionnaire on APLV, the analysis of the contents of the questionnaire by the Delphi method. The questionnaire circulated among the judges' group Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria (SBP) twice within 30 days. The questions were divided into two blocks, the first covering identification questions and the second on APLV. They were analyzed by a Likert scale with three response options where the Brazilian Allergy Consensus 2018 was used as a content source. For the collection of answers to the questionnaire was sent through the SBP e-mail to pediatricians registered in it. The results of the research subsidized a sample composed of 1316 Brazilian pediatricians who answered the questionnaire between May and July 2020. Results: In order to meet the first objective, the questionnaire went through two rounds among the specialists, in the first one there were changes in the questions of the first block on pediatricians and eight questions were changed in the block on APLV. In the second round, the lowest percentage of agreement was 82% and the CVI was 0.82, but indexes were higher than the established cutoff point. The overall evaluation of the instrument showed an agreement percentage of 91% and CVI of 0.95. Regarding the second objective, the performance of pediatricians was among 80% of correct answers, mainly in the questions of concept and treatment of APLV. The regions of the country with the highest number of correct answers were South and Northeast. The findings demonstrate that the experience and years of medical practice are not associated with a better level of knowledge, with the average number of hits of pediatricians graduated between 1970 and 1980 of 80.31% and 2011 to 2020 of 90.57%. Considering the differences in practice patterns in relation to the types of sub-specialties, gastroenterologists and allergologists seem to be more in agreement in the diagnosis and therapeutics. Conclusion: The growing diagnosis of cow’s milk protein allergy, associated with the search for better outcomes in the treatment of patients, allowed us to develop a validated questionnaire to identify the knowledge of pediatricians facing this pathology. The results allowed us to conclude that the majority of Brazilian pediatric physicians who answered the questionnaire demonstrated knowledge about the therapeutic recommendations of APLV. And observed gaps in knowledge should receive permanent educational strategies. Product generated and applicability: The first brazilian questionnaire validated after the last Brazilian Food Allergy Consensus in 2018 was created. In its applicability with pediatricians it was possible to measure the good level of knowledge about APLV and from the disclosure of these data, health education strategies can be elaborated throughout Brazil, optimizing knowledge and providing improvements in patient care.