O utilitarismo preferencial de Peter Singer: uma abordagem ética para a defesa animal

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Medeiros , Géssyca Deize Santos
Data de Publicação: 2017
Tipo de documento: Dissertação
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/11872
Resumo: In recent decades, the complex issue of defense and non-human animal rights has been emphasized. Our interest and the studies about the mentioned problematic, verify that they deserve an ethical consideration, which stimulated us to investigate its philosophical foundations. In this sense, the present research approaches the proposal of an ethics in defense of nonhuman animals from the preferential utilitarian perspective of Peter Singer. In this sense, we examined some of the conceptions that deal with human relations with other living beings, in particular, as proposed in this research, with nonhuman animals. Initially, we treated of concepts of animality and personhood as natural conditions of both species, distinctly from what traditional ethics proclaim. Subsequently, we analyzed the currents of thought by which we reflect on the relations between human beings and nonhumans in our postmodern societies, namely: anthropocentrism and speciesism, and from them, it is understood the implausibility of the exclusion of nonhuman animals of our moral community, since both are morally unjustifiable, and with this, one arrives at the sentiocentrism, a theory by which one understands the necessity of the inclusion of the other beings sensitive to the scope of our discussions and moral dilemmas. Posteriorly, we approached the conception of practical or applied ethics based on a universalizable point of view, whose pretension is the solution of moral questions and dilemmas under a practical bias of daily life. Therefore, we analyzed the definition of classic utilitarianism from the ideas of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, as well as the utilitarianism of the preferences of Australian philosopher Peter Singer, all this with the aim of proving its impact and application in the animal liberation front. The singer's perspective proposes as a preliminary condition a discussion on the problem of equality that allows to highlight the basic moral principle of its ethical conception: the principle of equal consideration of interests. As shown, this principle holds that if there are similar interests in the plan of actions, they must be respected regardless of skin color, sexes, reasoning ability or any factual form. In a generic way, the moral idea of considering interests has as a parameter limit of sensitivity or, in specific terms, and in agreement with the classical utilitarians, the capacity to suffer or to feel pleasure. Thus, for Singer, since the sentience is satisfied, the principle of equality must also be applied to the interests of nonhuman animals. This allows us to state that human beings have duty to consider the interests of other animals impartially to the detriment of their interests as minor, since their indiscriminate exploration is unjustifiable in the scope of morality. With these considerations, in the end, we avaluated some criticisms of Singer's conception, as well as the possible answers to such controversies and misunderstandings.
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spelling O utilitarismo preferencial de Peter Singer: uma abordagem ética para a defesa animalUtilitarismoÉtica PráticaDefesa dos AnimaisIgualdadeSenciênciaUtilitarianismPractical ethicsDefense of AnimalsEqualitySentienceCNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIAIn recent decades, the complex issue of defense and non-human animal rights has been emphasized. Our interest and the studies about the mentioned problematic, verify that they deserve an ethical consideration, which stimulated us to investigate its philosophical foundations. In this sense, the present research approaches the proposal of an ethics in defense of nonhuman animals from the preferential utilitarian perspective of Peter Singer. In this sense, we examined some of the conceptions that deal with human relations with other living beings, in particular, as proposed in this research, with nonhuman animals. Initially, we treated of concepts of animality and personhood as natural conditions of both species, distinctly from what traditional ethics proclaim. Subsequently, we analyzed the currents of thought by which we reflect on the relations between human beings and nonhumans in our postmodern societies, namely: anthropocentrism and speciesism, and from them, it is understood the implausibility of the exclusion of nonhuman animals of our moral community, since both are morally unjustifiable, and with this, one arrives at the sentiocentrism, a theory by which one understands the necessity of the inclusion of the other beings sensitive to the scope of our discussions and moral dilemmas. Posteriorly, we approached the conception of practical or applied ethics based on a universalizable point of view, whose pretension is the solution of moral questions and dilemmas under a practical bias of daily life. Therefore, we analyzed the definition of classic utilitarianism from the ideas of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, as well as the utilitarianism of the preferences of Australian philosopher Peter Singer, all this with the aim of proving its impact and application in the animal liberation front. The singer's perspective proposes as a preliminary condition a discussion on the problem of equality that allows to highlight the basic moral principle of its ethical conception: the principle of equal consideration of interests. As shown, this principle holds that if there are similar interests in the plan of actions, they must be respected regardless of skin color, sexes, reasoning ability or any factual form. In a generic way, the moral idea of considering interests has as a parameter limit of sensitivity or, in specific terms, and in agreement with the classical utilitarians, the capacity to suffer or to feel pleasure. Thus, for Singer, since the sentience is satisfied, the principle of equality must also be applied to the interests of nonhuman animals. This allows us to state that human beings have duty to consider the interests of other animals impartially to the detriment of their interests as minor, since their indiscriminate exploration is unjustifiable in the scope of morality. With these considerations, in the end, we avaluated some criticisms of Singer's conception, as well as the possible answers to such controversies and misunderstandings.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESNas últimas décadas, acentua-se a complexa questão da defesa e dos direitos dos animais não humanos. Nosso interesse e os estudos acerca da referida problemática, constatam que os mesmos merecem uma consideração ética, o que nos estimulou a pesquisar as suas fundamentações filosóficas. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa aborda a proposta de uma ética em defesa dos animais não humanos a partir da perspectiva utilitarista preferencial de Peter Singer. Inicialmente examinamos algumas das concepções que tratam da nossa relação com os demais seres vivos, em especial, nos termos desta pesquisa, com os animais não humanos. Em primeira instância, tratamos dos conceitos de animalidade e pessoalidade enquanto condições naturais de ambas as espécies, distintamente do que apregoa as éticas tradicionais. Por conseguinte, analisamos as correntes de pensamentos pelas quais refletimos sobre a relação dos humanos com os não humanos em nossas sociedades pós-modernas, a saber: o antropocentrismo e o especismo, através das quais pudemos entender a implausibilidade da exclusão dos demais animais de nossa comunidade moral, já que ambas são moralmente injustificáveis e, com isso, chegamos ao senciocentrismo, teoria pela qual compreendemos a necessidade da inclusão dos demais seres sensíveis ao âmbito das nossas discussões e dilemas morais. Posteriormente, abordamos a concepção de ética prática ou aplicada baseada em um ponto de vista universalizável, cuja pretensão é a solução de questões e dilemas morais sob um viés prático da vida cotidiana. Para tanto, analisamos a definição do utilitarismo clássico a partir das ideias de Jeremy Bentham e John Stuart Mill, bem como do utilitarismo de preferências do filósofo australiano Peter Singer, isso com o intuito de demonstrar seu impacto e aplicação na luta pela libertação animal. A perspectiva singeriana propõe como condição preliminar a discussão sobre o problema da igualdade o que permite evidenciar o princípio moral básico de sua concepção ética: o princípio da igual consideração de interesses. Como demonstramos, esse princípio sustenta que se existem interesses semelhantes no plano das ações, eles devem ser respeitados independentemente da cor da pele, do sexo, da capacidade de raciocínio ou de qualquer característica factual. Sumariamente, a ideia moral de considerar os interesses tem como parâmetro o limite de sensibilidade ou, em termos específicos, e em concordância com os utilitaristas clássicos, a capacidade de sofrer e de sentir prazer. Assim, para Singer, desde que a senciência seja satisfeita, o princípio de igualdade deve ser aplicado também aos interesses dos animais não humanos. Isso permite afirmar que os seres humanos possuem a obrigação moral de considerar imparcialmente os interesses dos demais animais em detrimento de seus interesses menores, uma vez que sua exploração indiscriminada é injustificável no âmbito da moralidade. Tendo em vista essas considerações, por último avaliamos algumas críticas à concepção de Singer, bem como as possíveis respostas a tais controvérsias e mal-entendidos.Universidade Federal da ParaíbaBrasilFilosofiaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em FilosofiaUFPBPequeno, Marconi José Pimentelhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5979819304409879Medeiros , Géssyca Deize Santos2018-10-03T16:29:26Z2018-10-032018-10-03T16:29:26Z2017-12-13info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesishttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/11872porAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPBinstname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)instacron:UFPB2018-10-04T06:00:51Zoai:repositorio.ufpb.br:123456789/11872Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/PUBhttp://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/oai/requestdiretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.bropendoar:2018-10-04T06:00:51Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv O utilitarismo preferencial de Peter Singer: uma abordagem ética para a defesa animal
title O utilitarismo preferencial de Peter Singer: uma abordagem ética para a defesa animal
spellingShingle O utilitarismo preferencial de Peter Singer: uma abordagem ética para a defesa animal
Medeiros , Géssyca Deize Santos
Utilitarismo
Ética Prática
Defesa dos Animais
Igualdade
Senciência
Utilitarianism
Practical ethics
Defense of Animals
Equality
Sentience
CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIA
title_short O utilitarismo preferencial de Peter Singer: uma abordagem ética para a defesa animal
title_full O utilitarismo preferencial de Peter Singer: uma abordagem ética para a defesa animal
title_fullStr O utilitarismo preferencial de Peter Singer: uma abordagem ética para a defesa animal
title_full_unstemmed O utilitarismo preferencial de Peter Singer: uma abordagem ética para a defesa animal
title_sort O utilitarismo preferencial de Peter Singer: uma abordagem ética para a defesa animal
author Medeiros , Géssyca Deize Santos
author_facet Medeiros , Géssyca Deize Santos
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Pequeno, Marconi José Pimentel
http://lattes.cnpq.br/5979819304409879
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Medeiros , Géssyca Deize Santos
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Utilitarismo
Ética Prática
Defesa dos Animais
Igualdade
Senciência
Utilitarianism
Practical ethics
Defense of Animals
Equality
Sentience
CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIA
topic Utilitarismo
Ética Prática
Defesa dos Animais
Igualdade
Senciência
Utilitarianism
Practical ethics
Defense of Animals
Equality
Sentience
CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIA
description In recent decades, the complex issue of defense and non-human animal rights has been emphasized. Our interest and the studies about the mentioned problematic, verify that they deserve an ethical consideration, which stimulated us to investigate its philosophical foundations. In this sense, the present research approaches the proposal of an ethics in defense of nonhuman animals from the preferential utilitarian perspective of Peter Singer. In this sense, we examined some of the conceptions that deal with human relations with other living beings, in particular, as proposed in this research, with nonhuman animals. Initially, we treated of concepts of animality and personhood as natural conditions of both species, distinctly from what traditional ethics proclaim. Subsequently, we analyzed the currents of thought by which we reflect on the relations between human beings and nonhumans in our postmodern societies, namely: anthropocentrism and speciesism, and from them, it is understood the implausibility of the exclusion of nonhuman animals of our moral community, since both are morally unjustifiable, and with this, one arrives at the sentiocentrism, a theory by which one understands the necessity of the inclusion of the other beings sensitive to the scope of our discussions and moral dilemmas. Posteriorly, we approached the conception of practical or applied ethics based on a universalizable point of view, whose pretension is the solution of moral questions and dilemmas under a practical bias of daily life. Therefore, we analyzed the definition of classic utilitarianism from the ideas of Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, as well as the utilitarianism of the preferences of Australian philosopher Peter Singer, all this with the aim of proving its impact and application in the animal liberation front. The singer's perspective proposes as a preliminary condition a discussion on the problem of equality that allows to highlight the basic moral principle of its ethical conception: the principle of equal consideration of interests. As shown, this principle holds that if there are similar interests in the plan of actions, they must be respected regardless of skin color, sexes, reasoning ability or any factual form. In a generic way, the moral idea of considering interests has as a parameter limit of sensitivity or, in specific terms, and in agreement with the classical utilitarians, the capacity to suffer or to feel pleasure. Thus, for Singer, since the sentience is satisfied, the principle of equality must also be applied to the interests of nonhuman animals. This allows us to state that human beings have duty to consider the interests of other animals impartially to the detriment of their interests as minor, since their indiscriminate exploration is unjustifiable in the scope of morality. With these considerations, in the end, we avaluated some criticisms of Singer's conception, as well as the possible answers to such controversies and misunderstandings.
publishDate 2017
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2017-12-13
2018-10-03T16:29:26Z
2018-10-03
2018-10-03T16:29:26Z
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format masterThesis
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dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/11872
url https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/11872
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv por
language por
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/
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rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal da Paraíba
Brasil
Filosofia
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia
UFPB
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal da Paraíba
Brasil
Filosofia
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia
UFPB
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instname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)
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instname_str Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)
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repository.name.fl_str_mv Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)
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