Direito ao acesso à água: conflitos socioambientais na bacia hidrográfica Piranhas - Açu

• Autor(a) principal: Moreira, Juliana Fernandes
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/11746
• topic: Direito ao acesso à água; Bacia hidrográfica; Conflitos; Barragens; Semiárido; Right of access to water; Conflicts; Dams; Hydrographic basin; Semiarid; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA

The study of conflicts over the right of access to water in hydrographic basin where large dams have been built or are under construction are increasingly needed. In normal rainfall periods, the abundance of water in the lakes formed by such dams and the possibility of opening and closing floodgates by necessity, camouflage contradictions and conflicts that only emerge in periods of acute scarcity of water resources. This is the reality that has been afflicting the semi-arid Northeastern region that has been subjected to a severe drought since 2010. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the conflicts over the right to access to water in one of the semiarid hydrographic basin that covers the states of Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte, the Piancó-Piranhas-Açu Basin, in the light of State action in a period of acute shortage of water resources. For this purpose, bibliographical and documentary research was used, extensive fieldwork research was carried out and, to study the social actors involved in the conflicts, the geo-political method of Thual (1996) complemented by Vianna (2002) was used. Two conflicts were defined as the object of investigation: a) that of the Mãe D‘Água Community, which is caused by the total prohibition by water management bodies of the use of water from the Mãe D‘Água Community irrigation dams, livestock and fish farming and partial, for human consumption and; b) the Barra de Santana Community, related to the construction of a dam, that of Oiticica, which imposes the relocation of the resident population in the area as well as all the infrastructure installed in the Community. It has been found that the bureaucratic state and subordinated to the interests of regional oligarchies, is inefficient in preventing the effects of drought. The State only makes a decision in favor of peasants dependent on the waters of the reservoirs to live, when the water crisis reaches its most critical level. In the case of the construction of dams, the State, through his water management organizations only hears the population when the conflict takes great proportions. It was also found that the population affected by scarcity and even by the total absence of water is able to organize itself, to articulate in traditional social movements or even to create new ones to defend their rights. In this way, the action of social movements has put in check the traditional policy of "combating droughts", proposing and constructing mechanisms of a policy of "coexistence with drought" in order to respect the real interests of the poorest segment of the population.