Comunicação persuasiva para motivar a intenção de reduzir o consumo de sal em pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca

• Autor(a) principal: Sousa, Mailson Marques de
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/20087
• topic: Insuficiência cardíaca; Dieta hipossódica; Comunicação persuasiva; Mídia audiovisual; Teoria social; Heart failure; Hyposodic diet; Persuasive communication; Audiovisual media; Social theory; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::ENFERMAGEM

Introduction: The reduction of salt consumption in the diet of individuals with Heart Failure (HF) is configured as a non-pharmacological recommendation for the clinical control of the disease. However, the literature demonstrates low adherence to this health protection measure. Objective: To evaluate the intention of reducing salt consumption in the diet of individuals with HF, both before and after being exposed to positive persuasive communication. Method: A multiple method study, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, and performed in two stages. The first stage consisted of 3 phases: 1) A study with a quantitative/qualitative design with the objective of collecting the data related to the impending habits in relation to the reduction of salt consumption in the diet; 2) A methodological study in which the questionnaire was elaborated in order to measure the determining factors of the behavioral intention of reducing salt consumption, 3) A study of a technological nature in which a brief audiovisual persuasive communication was constructed and validated with the objective of generating a positive influence on the intentions of individuals with HF to reduce salt consumption in their diets. In the second stage, a comparative pilot study was performed, of the before-and-after type. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied (paired Wilcoxon test, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, Cronbach’s alpha and Logistic Regression analysis), and a significance level of 0.05 was established. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee with CAAE No.: 79911717.0.0000.5183. Results: With regard to the analysis of the behavioral habits, health maintenance and reduction of appetite prevailed. Spouses, sons and daughters, and siblings stood out as the referents that exert the most influence on everything related to the reduction of salt consumption. In relation to the control habits, the wife preparing the food acts as a facilitating factor, and the loss of taste in the food hinders the execution of the behavior. The questionnaire to measure the intention and persuasive communication presents a Content Validity Index ≥ 80%. 82 individuals with HF participated in the pilot study. The mean scores of the behavioral variables increased significantly after the individuals were exposed to persuasive communication, indicating a high behavioral intention towards executing the behavior. The normative and control habits presented themselves as significant predictors of the behavioral intention, jointly accounting for 35% of the variation in the intention of reducing salt consumption in the diet. Conclusion: Persuasive communication proved to be effective in exerting a positive influence on the behavioral intention of reducing salt consumption in individuals with HF. The importance is highlighted of considering the opinion of significant social referents, obstacles and individual skills in the educational strategies related to following a low-sodium diet.