Diversidade taxonômica, funcional e filogenética de peixes recifais da Paraíba
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23611 |
Resumo: | In this thesis I evaluated how the reef fish diversity is distributed along natural reefs, including shallow and deep reefs, and centenary shipwrecks located along the continental shelf of Paraíba, Brazil. Specifically, the goals were to carry out a literature review on the use and misuse of ‘diversity’ metrics in studies of reef fish communities, and to estimate, in multiple spatial scales (alpha, beta and gamma), the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of reef fish communities. I organized the thesis into three chapters. The first chapter corresponds to an extensive literature survey in which my colleagues and I synthesize the metrics most used on reef fish diversity studies since 1970. We highlight that the majority of studies have been applying ‘entropy’ metrics, which have serious mathematical limitations, rather than properly ‘diversity’ estimators. Most studies lack information on the spatial component of diversity (i.e. beta) and when this component is used, they are actually ‘entropy’ estimators, which are dependent on alpha diversity. Only few studies have been adequately estimating the functional and phylogenetic components of diversity of reef fish communities, despite of their relevance to management and conservation strategies. The second chapter was dedicated to compare shallow and deep natural reefs, which the main goal was to test the deep reef refuge hypothesis (DRRH). We surveyed 22 reefs, located along a depth gradient (2-62 m), and partitioned the gamma (regional) diversity into its alpha (local) and beta (the difference between two areas) independent components to estimate the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity. Although some data support the DRRH, most results indicate that the reef fish diversity of shallow reefs are not fully encapsulated in the deep reefs. Each reef contributes significantly to the regional diversity and should be managed and protected accordingly. In the third chapter, we compared the fish community between 4 artificial reefs (i.e. accidentally shipwrecked vessels dating from 1873 to 1926) and 8 natural reefs under the same methodological approach applied in second chapter. The goal was to evaluate whether artificial reefs increase or diminish the fish diversity, and the role they play on structuring the diversity on a spatial scale. Artificial reefs showed higher alpha and gamma diversity than their natural counterparts, most likely because they ‘steal’ species from adjacent natural reefs. Conversely, artificial reefs showed lower beta diversity rates than natural reefs, indicating that these reefs are biologically more heterogeneous than those. Altogether, these results indicate that artificial reefs, even after one century of colonization, are unlikely to fully protect the regional fish diversity. Management and conservation initiatives to protect and restore reef fish diversity should prioritize the existing natural reefs. The sinking of artificial structures should be discussed secondarily, and if decided in favor, must be implemented and monitored with caution to avoid further degradation of adjacent natural reefs. |
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Diversidade taxonômica, funcional e filogenética de peixes recifais da ParaíbaNúmeros de HillPartiçãoAlfaBetaIctiofaunaRefúgioGradiente de profundidadeRecifes naturaisRecifes artificiaisHill numbersPartitionIchthyofaunaRefugeDepth gradientNatural reefsArtificial reefsCNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIAIn this thesis I evaluated how the reef fish diversity is distributed along natural reefs, including shallow and deep reefs, and centenary shipwrecks located along the continental shelf of Paraíba, Brazil. Specifically, the goals were to carry out a literature review on the use and misuse of ‘diversity’ metrics in studies of reef fish communities, and to estimate, in multiple spatial scales (alpha, beta and gamma), the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of reef fish communities. I organized the thesis into three chapters. The first chapter corresponds to an extensive literature survey in which my colleagues and I synthesize the metrics most used on reef fish diversity studies since 1970. We highlight that the majority of studies have been applying ‘entropy’ metrics, which have serious mathematical limitations, rather than properly ‘diversity’ estimators. Most studies lack information on the spatial component of diversity (i.e. beta) and when this component is used, they are actually ‘entropy’ estimators, which are dependent on alpha diversity. Only few studies have been adequately estimating the functional and phylogenetic components of diversity of reef fish communities, despite of their relevance to management and conservation strategies. The second chapter was dedicated to compare shallow and deep natural reefs, which the main goal was to test the deep reef refuge hypothesis (DRRH). We surveyed 22 reefs, located along a depth gradient (2-62 m), and partitioned the gamma (regional) diversity into its alpha (local) and beta (the difference between two areas) independent components to estimate the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity. Although some data support the DRRH, most results indicate that the reef fish diversity of shallow reefs are not fully encapsulated in the deep reefs. Each reef contributes significantly to the regional diversity and should be managed and protected accordingly. In the third chapter, we compared the fish community between 4 artificial reefs (i.e. accidentally shipwrecked vessels dating from 1873 to 1926) and 8 natural reefs under the same methodological approach applied in second chapter. The goal was to evaluate whether artificial reefs increase or diminish the fish diversity, and the role they play on structuring the diversity on a spatial scale. Artificial reefs showed higher alpha and gamma diversity than their natural counterparts, most likely because they ‘steal’ species from adjacent natural reefs. Conversely, artificial reefs showed lower beta diversity rates than natural reefs, indicating that these reefs are biologically more heterogeneous than those. Altogether, these results indicate that artificial reefs, even after one century of colonization, are unlikely to fully protect the regional fish diversity. Management and conservation initiatives to protect and restore reef fish diversity should prioritize the existing natural reefs. The sinking of artificial structures should be discussed secondarily, and if decided in favor, must be implemented and monitored with caution to avoid further degradation of adjacent natural reefs.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESNesta tese avaliei como a diversidade de peixes recifais se distribui ao longo de recifes naturais, incluindo recifes rasos e profundos, e naufrágios centenários localizados ao longo da plataforma continental da Paraíba, Brasil. Especificamente, os objetivos foram realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o uso das métricas de ‘diversidade’ em estudos de comunidades de peixes recifais, e calcular, em múltiplas escalas espaciais (alfa, beta e gama), a diversidade taxonômica, funcional e filogenética das comunidades de peixes recifais. Estruturei a tese em três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo corresponde a uma revisão abrangente da literatura na qual sintetizo, junto com outros colegas, as principais métricas utilizadas no estudo da diversidade de peixes recifais desde 1970. Detectamos que a grande maioria dos estudos tem utilizado métricas de ‘entropia’ que possuem sérias limitações matemáticas enquanto estimadores de ‘diversidade’. A maioria tem ignorado o componente espacial da diversidade (i.e. diversidade beta) e, quando o considerou, utilizou estimadores de ‘entropia’ que são dependentes da diversidade alfa. Uma minoria tem estimado adequadamente a diversidade funcional e filogenética das comunidades, a despeito da relevância dessas dimensões da diversidade biológica para o manejo e conservação. O segundo capítulo foi dedicado aos recifes naturais rasos e profundos e teve como objetivo testar a hipótese de refúgio dos recifes profundos (HRRP). Coletamos informações de 22 recifes, distribuídos ao longo de um gradiente de profundidade (2-62 m), e calculamos métricas de diversidade capazes de particionar a diversidade gama (regional) em seus componentes independentes alfa (local) e beta (entre locais), para as dimensões taxonômica, funcional e filogenética. Embora alguns resultados deem suporte à HRRP, a maioria indica que a diversidade de peixes recifais encontradas nos recifes rasos não está completamente encapsulada nos recifes profundos. Cada recife contribui significativamente para a diversidade regional e deve ser manejado e protegido de acordo. No terceiro capítulo, comparamos as comunidades de peixes entre 4 recifes artificiais (i.e. embarcações naufragadas acidentalmente entre 1873 e 1926) e 8 recifes naturais utilizando o mesmo arcabouço metodológico aplicado no segundo capítulo. O objetivo foi avaliar se os recifes artificiais beneficiam ou prejudicam a diversidade de peixes e em qual escala espacial isto ocorre. Os recifes artificiais apresentaram uma maior diversidade alfa e gama do que os recifes naturais vizinhos, muito provavelmente porque ‘roubaram’ espécies dos ambientes naturais circundantes. Em contraste, apresentaram menor diversidade beta do que os recifes naturais, indicando que são habitats biologicamente mais homogêneos que os ambientes naturais. Juntos, esses resultados indicam que os recifes artificiais, mesmo após um século de colonização, são incapazes de proteger integralmente a diversidade regional de peixes. Iniciativas de manejo e a conservação de peixes recifais devem priorizar a proteção e a restauração dos recifes naturais existentes. O afundamento de estruturas artificiais deve ser tratado secundariamente, e caso seja efetivado, deve ser implementado e monitorado criteriosamente para evitar a degradação dos recifes naturais circundantes.Universidade Federal da ParaíbaBrasilZoologiaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências BiológicasUFPBSantos, Bráulio Almeidahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7867042386088490Ferreira, Beatrice Padovanihttp://lattes.cnpq.br/6680356632730139Medeiros, Aline Paiva Morais de2022-07-19T18:29:13Z2022-05-092022-07-19T18:29:13Z2022-03-28info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesishttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23611porAttribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPBinstname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)instacron:UFPB2022-07-20T12:14:18Zoai:repositorio.ufpb.br:123456789/23611Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/PUBhttp://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/oai/requestdiretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.bropendoar:2022-07-20T12:14:18Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Diversidade taxonômica, funcional e filogenética de peixes recifais da Paraíba |
title |
Diversidade taxonômica, funcional e filogenética de peixes recifais da Paraíba |
spellingShingle |
Diversidade taxonômica, funcional e filogenética de peixes recifais da Paraíba Medeiros, Aline Paiva Morais de Números de Hill Partição Alfa Beta Ictiofauna Refúgio Gradiente de profundidade Recifes naturais Recifes artificiais Hill numbers Partition Ichthyofauna Refuge Depth gradient Natural reefs Artificial reefs CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIA |
title_short |
Diversidade taxonômica, funcional e filogenética de peixes recifais da Paraíba |
title_full |
Diversidade taxonômica, funcional e filogenética de peixes recifais da Paraíba |
title_fullStr |
Diversidade taxonômica, funcional e filogenética de peixes recifais da Paraíba |
title_full_unstemmed |
Diversidade taxonômica, funcional e filogenética de peixes recifais da Paraíba |
title_sort |
Diversidade taxonômica, funcional e filogenética de peixes recifais da Paraíba |
author |
Medeiros, Aline Paiva Morais de |
author_facet |
Medeiros, Aline Paiva Morais de |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Santos, Bráulio Almeida http://lattes.cnpq.br/7867042386088490 Ferreira, Beatrice Padovani http://lattes.cnpq.br/6680356632730139 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Medeiros, Aline Paiva Morais de |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Números de Hill Partição Alfa Beta Ictiofauna Refúgio Gradiente de profundidade Recifes naturais Recifes artificiais Hill numbers Partition Ichthyofauna Refuge Depth gradient Natural reefs Artificial reefs CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIA |
topic |
Números de Hill Partição Alfa Beta Ictiofauna Refúgio Gradiente de profundidade Recifes naturais Recifes artificiais Hill numbers Partition Ichthyofauna Refuge Depth gradient Natural reefs Artificial reefs CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIA |
description |
In this thesis I evaluated how the reef fish diversity is distributed along natural reefs, including shallow and deep reefs, and centenary shipwrecks located along the continental shelf of Paraíba, Brazil. Specifically, the goals were to carry out a literature review on the use and misuse of ‘diversity’ metrics in studies of reef fish communities, and to estimate, in multiple spatial scales (alpha, beta and gamma), the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of reef fish communities. I organized the thesis into three chapters. The first chapter corresponds to an extensive literature survey in which my colleagues and I synthesize the metrics most used on reef fish diversity studies since 1970. We highlight that the majority of studies have been applying ‘entropy’ metrics, which have serious mathematical limitations, rather than properly ‘diversity’ estimators. Most studies lack information on the spatial component of diversity (i.e. beta) and when this component is used, they are actually ‘entropy’ estimators, which are dependent on alpha diversity. Only few studies have been adequately estimating the functional and phylogenetic components of diversity of reef fish communities, despite of their relevance to management and conservation strategies. The second chapter was dedicated to compare shallow and deep natural reefs, which the main goal was to test the deep reef refuge hypothesis (DRRH). We surveyed 22 reefs, located along a depth gradient (2-62 m), and partitioned the gamma (regional) diversity into its alpha (local) and beta (the difference between two areas) independent components to estimate the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity. Although some data support the DRRH, most results indicate that the reef fish diversity of shallow reefs are not fully encapsulated in the deep reefs. Each reef contributes significantly to the regional diversity and should be managed and protected accordingly. In the third chapter, we compared the fish community between 4 artificial reefs (i.e. accidentally shipwrecked vessels dating from 1873 to 1926) and 8 natural reefs under the same methodological approach applied in second chapter. The goal was to evaluate whether artificial reefs increase or diminish the fish diversity, and the role they play on structuring the diversity on a spatial scale. Artificial reefs showed higher alpha and gamma diversity than their natural counterparts, most likely because they ‘steal’ species from adjacent natural reefs. Conversely, artificial reefs showed lower beta diversity rates than natural reefs, indicating that these reefs are biologically more heterogeneous than those. Altogether, these results indicate that artificial reefs, even after one century of colonization, are unlikely to fully protect the regional fish diversity. Management and conservation initiatives to protect and restore reef fish diversity should prioritize the existing natural reefs. The sinking of artificial structures should be discussed secondarily, and if decided in favor, must be implemented and monitored with caution to avoid further degradation of adjacent natural reefs. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-07-19T18:29:13Z 2022-05-09 2022-07-19T18:29:13Z 2022-03-28 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23611 |
url |
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23611 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Zoologia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas UFPB |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Zoologia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas UFPB |
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reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB instname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) instacron:UFPB |
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Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) |
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UFPB |
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UFPB |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) |
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diretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.br |
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