Variabilidade genética, morfológica e fitoquímica de genótipos de Opuntia e Nopalea
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2015 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/14566 |
Resumo: | The cactus pear of the Opuntia and Nopalea genres are species of plants very cultivated in the semiarid region of Brazil, mainly for forage production for animals in the dry season. The cladodes of the plant has been considered per long time an important source of nutrients for human and animal alimentation, besides have beneficial properties for health. Because of great genetic diversity of these genres, with about 300 species, there is a need to characterize the varieties grown in Brazil in order to get nutritionals information and bioactive properties. The objective of this study was to characterize the genetic and temporal variability of chemical and nutritional profile of cladodes of varieties of cactus pear of the genres Opuntia and Nopalea cultivated in semiarid region of Brazil; evaluate the potential antioxidant and cytotoxic of ethanol crude extracts of cladodes of these varieties, against human cancer cells; besides, characterize the genetic diversity through characteristics phenotypic, chemical and nutritional, and determine the correlation and importance of these characteristics in the variability between genotypes, using multivariate techniques. The researches were conducted with seven cactus pear varieties (IPA-100003, IPA-100004, IPA-200021, IPA-200205, IPA-200008, IPA-200149 and IPA-200016) in two seasons, dry and rainy. The plants were cultivated under rainfed conditions in the experimental station of Instituto Agronomico de Pernambuco (IPA), located in Arcoverde-PE. Plants were analyzed by 19 morphologic characteristics and 20 chemical and nutritional attributes. The results of the study of the chemical and nutritional profile of the cladodes of cactus pear varieties confirm the nutritive value so much in animal nutrition how much in human nutrition. The components chemical and nutritional of the cactus pear have a wide variation so much in its composition how much in its content, and vary between plant species studied, within the same species, among cladodes within the genotype and season collect material. The studies confirmed that the secondary metabolites (bioactive compounds) present in the cactus pear have antioxidant and cytotoxic activity against cells of human cancer studied (HCT-116-colon rectal, SF-295-glioblastoma and OVCAR-8-ovarian carcinoma). These substances are of the class of phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) and/or sterols identified in the cladodes. Just as in the chemical composition, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the extract ethanol crude of cladodes varies between plant species studied, within the same species, seasons of the year and types of cancer cells. The results of the study of genetic diversity using phenotypic, chemical and nutritional characteristics indicated that the water content, fresh weight, flavonoid content and potassium of the cladodes were the characteristics that most contributed to the genetic variability between genotypes. These characteristics are significantly correlated to dry weight, width, length, area, nitrogen free extract and phenolic compounds of cladodes. This research also grouped the varieties according to their similarities, in two to five groups different, facilitating the choice of viable crosses between genotypes, aiming genetic gains between the characteristics of interest. |
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Variabilidade genética, morfológica e fitoquímica de genótipos de Opuntia e NopaleaAnálise de alimentoAnálise multivariadaAnticâncerMetabólitos secundáriosCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIAThe cactus pear of the Opuntia and Nopalea genres are species of plants very cultivated in the semiarid region of Brazil, mainly for forage production for animals in the dry season. The cladodes of the plant has been considered per long time an important source of nutrients for human and animal alimentation, besides have beneficial properties for health. Because of great genetic diversity of these genres, with about 300 species, there is a need to characterize the varieties grown in Brazil in order to get nutritionals information and bioactive properties. The objective of this study was to characterize the genetic and temporal variability of chemical and nutritional profile of cladodes of varieties of cactus pear of the genres Opuntia and Nopalea cultivated in semiarid region of Brazil; evaluate the potential antioxidant and cytotoxic of ethanol crude extracts of cladodes of these varieties, against human cancer cells; besides, characterize the genetic diversity through characteristics phenotypic, chemical and nutritional, and determine the correlation and importance of these characteristics in the variability between genotypes, using multivariate techniques. The researches were conducted with seven cactus pear varieties (IPA-100003, IPA-100004, IPA-200021, IPA-200205, IPA-200008, IPA-200149 and IPA-200016) in two seasons, dry and rainy. The plants were cultivated under rainfed conditions in the experimental station of Instituto Agronomico de Pernambuco (IPA), located in Arcoverde-PE. Plants were analyzed by 19 morphologic characteristics and 20 chemical and nutritional attributes. The results of the study of the chemical and nutritional profile of the cladodes of cactus pear varieties confirm the nutritive value so much in animal nutrition how much in human nutrition. The components chemical and nutritional of the cactus pear have a wide variation so much in its composition how much in its content, and vary between plant species studied, within the same species, among cladodes within the genotype and season collect material. The studies confirmed that the secondary metabolites (bioactive compounds) present in the cactus pear have antioxidant and cytotoxic activity against cells of human cancer studied (HCT-116-colon rectal, SF-295-glioblastoma and OVCAR-8-ovarian carcinoma). These substances are of the class of phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) and/or sterols identified in the cladodes. Just as in the chemical composition, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the extract ethanol crude of cladodes varies between plant species studied, within the same species, seasons of the year and types of cancer cells. The results of the study of genetic diversity using phenotypic, chemical and nutritional characteristics indicated that the water content, fresh weight, flavonoid content and potassium of the cladodes were the characteristics that most contributed to the genetic variability between genotypes. These characteristics are significantly correlated to dry weight, width, length, area, nitrogen free extract and phenolic compounds of cladodes. This research also grouped the varieties according to their similarities, in two to five groups different, facilitating the choice of viable crosses between genotypes, aiming genetic gains between the characteristics of interest.A palma forrageira dos gêneros Opuntia e Nopalea são espécies de plantas muito cultivadas na região semiárida do Brasil, notadamente para a produção de forragem para os animais na época seca. Os cladódios da planta têm sido considerados por muito tempo uma importante fonte de nutrientes para a alimentação humana e animal, além de possuir propriedades benéficas para a saúde. Por causa da grande diversidade genética desses gêneros, com cerca de 300 espécies, existe a necessidade de se caracterizar as variedades cultivadas no Brasil a fim de se obter informações nutricionais e propriedades bioativas. Objetivou-se com este estudo caracterizar a variabilidade genética e temporal do perfil químico e nutricional dos cladódios de variedades de palma forrageira dos gêneros Opuntia e Nopalea cultivadas na região semiárida do Brasil; avaliar o potencial antioxidante e citotóxico de extratos etanólico bruto de cladódios dessas variedades, contra células de câncer humano; além de caracterizar a diversidade genética através de características fenotípicas, químicas e nutricionais, e determinar a correlação e importância dessas caracteristicas na variabilidade entre os genótipos, utilizando técnicas de análise multivariada. As pesquisas foram realizadas com sete variedades de palma (IPA-100003, IPA-100004, IPA-200021, IPA-200205, IPA-200008, IPA-200149 e IPA-200016) em duas estações do ano, seca e chuvosa. As plantas foram cultivadas em condições de sequeiro na estação experimental do Intituto Agronômico de Pernambuco (IPA), situado em Arcoverde-PE. As plantas foram analisadas através de 19 características morfológicas e 20 atributos químicos e nutricionais. Os resultados do estudo do perfil químico e nutricional dos cladódios de variedades de palma forrageira confirmam o valor nutritivo dos mesmos tanto na nutrição animal quanto na nutrição humana. Os componentes químicos e nutricionais da palma têm uma ampla variação, tanto em sua composição quanto no seu conteúdo, e variam entre as espécies botânicas estudadas, dentro da mesma espécie, entre cladódios dentro do genótipo, e época do ano de coleta do material. Os estudos confimaram que os metabólitos secundários (compostos bioativos) presentes na palma forrageira têm ação antioxidante e citotóxica contra células de câncer humana estudadas (HCT-116-cólon retal, SF-295-glioblastoma e OVCAR-8-ovário). Essas substâncias são da classe dos compostos fenólicos (ácidos fenólicos e flavonoides) e/ou esteróis identificados nos cladódios. Do mesmo modo que a composição química, a atividade antioxidante e citotóxica do extrato etanólico bruto dos cladódios, varia entre as espécies botânicas estudadas, dentro da mesma espécie, épocas do ano e tipos de células cancerígenas. Os resultados do estudo da diversidade genética utilizando características fenotípicas, químicas e nutricionais indicaram que o teor de água, massa fresca, conteúdo de flavonoides e potássio dos cladódios foram as características que mais contribuíram para a variabilidade genética entre os genótipos. Essas características estão significantemente correlacionadas com massa seca, largura, comprimento, área, extrato não nitrogenado e compostos fenólicos dos cladódios. Essa pesquisa também agrupou as variedades de acordo com suas similaridades, em dois a cinco grupos distintos, facilitando a escolha de cruzamentos entre genótipos viáveis, visando ganhos genéticos entre as características de interesse.Universidade Federal da ParaíbaBrasilSolos e Engenharia RuralPrograma de Pós-Graduação em AgronomiaUFPBBruno, Riselane de Lucena Alcântarahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783732D6Andrade, Alberício Pereirahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4788002H2Alves, Francisco Abel Lemos2019-06-05T11:20:10Z2016-03-112019-06-05T11:20:10Z2015-12-22info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesishttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/14566porAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPBinstname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)instacron:UFPB2019-06-06T06:05:26Zoai:repositorio.ufpb.br:123456789/14566Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/PUBhttp://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/oai/requestdiretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.bropendoar:2019-06-06T06:05:26Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Variabilidade genética, morfológica e fitoquímica de genótipos de Opuntia e Nopalea |
title |
Variabilidade genética, morfológica e fitoquímica de genótipos de Opuntia e Nopalea |
spellingShingle |
Variabilidade genética, morfológica e fitoquímica de genótipos de Opuntia e Nopalea Alves, Francisco Abel Lemos Análise de alimento Análise multivariada Anticâncer Metabólitos secundários CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA |
title_short |
Variabilidade genética, morfológica e fitoquímica de genótipos de Opuntia e Nopalea |
title_full |
Variabilidade genética, morfológica e fitoquímica de genótipos de Opuntia e Nopalea |
title_fullStr |
Variabilidade genética, morfológica e fitoquímica de genótipos de Opuntia e Nopalea |
title_full_unstemmed |
Variabilidade genética, morfológica e fitoquímica de genótipos de Opuntia e Nopalea |
title_sort |
Variabilidade genética, morfológica e fitoquímica de genótipos de Opuntia e Nopalea |
author |
Alves, Francisco Abel Lemos |
author_facet |
Alves, Francisco Abel Lemos |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Bruno, Riselane de Lucena Alcântara http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783732D6 Andrade, Alberício Pereira http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4788002H2 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Alves, Francisco Abel Lemos |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Análise de alimento Análise multivariada Anticâncer Metabólitos secundários CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA |
topic |
Análise de alimento Análise multivariada Anticâncer Metabólitos secundários CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA |
description |
The cactus pear of the Opuntia and Nopalea genres are species of plants very cultivated in the semiarid region of Brazil, mainly for forage production for animals in the dry season. The cladodes of the plant has been considered per long time an important source of nutrients for human and animal alimentation, besides have beneficial properties for health. Because of great genetic diversity of these genres, with about 300 species, there is a need to characterize the varieties grown in Brazil in order to get nutritionals information and bioactive properties. The objective of this study was to characterize the genetic and temporal variability of chemical and nutritional profile of cladodes of varieties of cactus pear of the genres Opuntia and Nopalea cultivated in semiarid region of Brazil; evaluate the potential antioxidant and cytotoxic of ethanol crude extracts of cladodes of these varieties, against human cancer cells; besides, characterize the genetic diversity through characteristics phenotypic, chemical and nutritional, and determine the correlation and importance of these characteristics in the variability between genotypes, using multivariate techniques. The researches were conducted with seven cactus pear varieties (IPA-100003, IPA-100004, IPA-200021, IPA-200205, IPA-200008, IPA-200149 and IPA-200016) in two seasons, dry and rainy. The plants were cultivated under rainfed conditions in the experimental station of Instituto Agronomico de Pernambuco (IPA), located in Arcoverde-PE. Plants were analyzed by 19 morphologic characteristics and 20 chemical and nutritional attributes. The results of the study of the chemical and nutritional profile of the cladodes of cactus pear varieties confirm the nutritive value so much in animal nutrition how much in human nutrition. The components chemical and nutritional of the cactus pear have a wide variation so much in its composition how much in its content, and vary between plant species studied, within the same species, among cladodes within the genotype and season collect material. The studies confirmed that the secondary metabolites (bioactive compounds) present in the cactus pear have antioxidant and cytotoxic activity against cells of human cancer studied (HCT-116-colon rectal, SF-295-glioblastoma and OVCAR-8-ovarian carcinoma). These substances are of the class of phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) and/or sterols identified in the cladodes. Just as in the chemical composition, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the extract ethanol crude of cladodes varies between plant species studied, within the same species, seasons of the year and types of cancer cells. The results of the study of genetic diversity using phenotypic, chemical and nutritional characteristics indicated that the water content, fresh weight, flavonoid content and potassium of the cladodes were the characteristics that most contributed to the genetic variability between genotypes. These characteristics are significantly correlated to dry weight, width, length, area, nitrogen free extract and phenolic compounds of cladodes. This research also grouped the varieties according to their similarities, in two to five groups different, facilitating the choice of viable crosses between genotypes, aiming genetic gains between the characteristics of interest. |
publishDate |
2015 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2015-12-22 2016-03-11 2019-06-05T11:20:10Z 2019-06-05T11:20:10Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/14566 |
url |
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/14566 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Solos e Engenharia Rural Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia UFPB |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Solos e Engenharia Rural Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia UFPB |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB instname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) instacron:UFPB |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) |
instacron_str |
UFPB |
institution |
UFPB |
reponame_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
collection |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
diretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.br |
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1801842948478861312 |