Pesca artesanal em "currais": um enfoque etnoecológico

• Autor(a) principal: Nascimento, Glória Cristina Cornélio do
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/4564
• topic: Etnografia; Pescadores; Produção Pesqueira; Fatores Bióticos e Abióticos; Fishing Corrals; Ethnography; Fishermen; Fishery Production; Biotic and Abiotic Aspects; CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA

This study was conducted with the fishermen of corrals in Cabedelo, Paraíba and aims at analyzing and describing this type of technique, with its phases of fishing and production according to ethnoecological and ethnographic approaches, based on the ethnography, involving qualitative method (snowball, direct observation and open interviews), quantitative method (semi-structured questionnaires), production table, usage value (VU), economic value (EV) and index of constancy. Based on the information obtained by means of open interviews, semi-structured questionnaires were designed to be applied to the fishermen of corrals. We interviewed seven fishermen, two owners of fishing traps and other twenty fishermen with different kinds of fishing methods. Data collection occurred from September 2012 to March 2013 during 15 visits to four fishing corrals activated, whose productions amounted 303kg. The results showed that there are two types of corrals in the study area: heart and stolen; and also it showed that 70% of these fishermen of corrals learned more experienced fishermen the technique of fishing from, while 30% learned from a relative. The ages of fishermen vary between 36 and 59 years old. The fish species most captured in the harvest 2012/2013 were: tainha (Mugil curema) (Mugil liza), espada (Trichiurus lepturus), xaréu (Caranx hippos), galo (Selene vomer), (Selene setapinnis) and Carapeba (Diapterus auratus and Diapterus rhombeus). 100% of the fishermen confirmed the decline of fish. The spatial distribution of fishes is related to the vertical stratification in the water column. For the abiotic aspects information about the tides, the moon and the winds were raised. The best tides for the harvest were the dry, ebb, low, dead or launching. The full or large moons stand out as the best for fishing. The fishermen consider the East, North and Northeast winds as the best for fishing; on the other hand, the worst ones are the Southwest, the Terral, the South and the North. This research indicates that there are many questions related to the corrals, regarding the labor relations and its installation, which need further attention, since those who do not belong to the artisan fishing communities face many difficulties to have access to information in the region. The sites where the corrals are installed are directly affected by the existence of human action done on it, but the impact becomes irrelevant when it is observed that this fishing technique has a break between the harvests, moreover, it is considered the size of the fish species that are caught by accident and the influence of the woods that benefit the production of marine flora and fauna associated, enriching the local food chain. The production has not proved to be advantageous from a financial perspective to their owners, because they practice it by tradition and pleasure. The origin of fishing in corrals demonstrated hybridism between the techniques left by indigenous and Portuguese people.