Visitantes florais e polinização de Tecoma stans (Bignoniaceae): efeito da pilhagem de néctar na eficácia reprodutiva

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Santos, Jean Miguel Alves dos
Data de Publicação: 2016
Tipo de documento: Dissertação
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/9718
Resumo: Bees are the main pollinators of plant species of agricultural system and most terrestrial environments, interacting with native and exotic plants. Exotic plants are usually found in urban areas, like Tecoma stans, an introduced ornamental species in Brazil, native from the southern United States and northern Central America. In flowers with long tubular corolla as T. stans it is common to certain species of bees make openings/holes that enable access to the floral resources. However, as they do not enter the flower, these bees perform illegitimate visits, because they do not contact the reproductive structures of flowers, and thus rob the floral resources without pollinate the flowers. However, no studies on the robbing behavior in this species has been done. Studies show that the robbing behavior of pollen and nectar can benefit, be neutral or decrease the reproductive success of other plant species. Some studies have been published on the interaction of bees with this plant, mainly in the region south and southeast of Brazil. The objective of this research was to study the bee species assemblage that visit the flowers of Tecoma stans in two areas with different characteristics emphasizing the robbing behavior and its consequences. The study was carried out at the Campus I of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa - PB, and the Sítio Olho D'água, Alhambra - PB, during October 2014 and November 2015. All the manual pollination tests resulted in fruit yield while spontaneous self-pollination did not yield fruits, confirming that Tecoma stans is auto-compatible, but needs pollinators to transfer the pollen grains. After floral anthesis, the flowers last for two days and provide pollen for its visitors, an average of 4064.9±543.9 grains/anther; and nectar, mean production of 14.4±7.3μl/day, with an average concentration of sugar of 21.3±3,8% and 0.47±0.3mg of sugar/μl. 24 species of bees were recorded in UFPB and 21 species at the Sítio Olho D'água. The bees started foraging around 5:00h till 17:30h. Visits and visitors were more constant in UFPB than at the Sítio Olho D'água that showed greater variation during the day The number of visits and visitors were significantly higher in UFPB. Peak of visitors occurred in the flowers at 8.00h (average of 9.3±8.3 visitors/plant/day in UFPB. While at the Sítio Olho D'água there was a mean peak of visitors at 8:00h and 12:00h, average of 5.6±2.4 visitors/plant/day and 4.9±2,7 visitors/plant/day, respectively. The most abundant bee species were Trigona spinipes, T. fuscipennis, Partamona littoralis, Plebeia flavocincta and Xylocopa spp. in UFPB, and M. scutellaris and Augochlora spp. in Sítio Olho D'água. Eulaema nigrita, E. atleticana, Centris analis, C. fuscata, C. tarsata, C. aenea, Euglossa carolina, M. scutellaris and Melitoma segmentaria were considered effective pollinators. Apis mellifera, Augochlora sp., Ceratina chloris, C. maculifrons, Nannotrigona punctata, Partamona littoralis, Plebeia flavocincta, Trigona spinipes and T. fuscipennis were classified as occasional pollinators. Females of Xylocopa spp., Pseudaugochlora spp. and Trigona spinipes were primary nectar robbers. Trigona spinipes and Trigona fuscipennis were primary pollen robbers. In experiments in which the flowers received a barrier to prevent nectar robbing, the Reproductive Success of open-pollination with and without barrier were low and similar in both areas, suggesting that the nectar robbing did not influenced the production of fruits, refuting the hypothesis proposed. However, in later tests the Reproductive Success and Reproductive Efficacy in flowers was higher without barrier suggesting that the nectar robbing favored pollination supporting the hypothesis tested. This difference in results may be related to different periods of carrying out the tests, as well as differences in the abundance and pollinator composition in each area. Although some results showed that nectar robbing can affect negatively the fruit production of T stans, we still need more conclusive experiments.
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spelling Visitantes florais e polinização de Tecoma stans (Bignoniaceae): efeito da pilhagem de néctar na eficácia reprodutivaPolinizadoresSucesso reprodutivoBiologia floralSistema reprodutivoFloral biologyReproductive systemPollinatorsReproductive successCIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIABees are the main pollinators of plant species of agricultural system and most terrestrial environments, interacting with native and exotic plants. Exotic plants are usually found in urban areas, like Tecoma stans, an introduced ornamental species in Brazil, native from the southern United States and northern Central America. In flowers with long tubular corolla as T. stans it is common to certain species of bees make openings/holes that enable access to the floral resources. However, as they do not enter the flower, these bees perform illegitimate visits, because they do not contact the reproductive structures of flowers, and thus rob the floral resources without pollinate the flowers. However, no studies on the robbing behavior in this species has been done. Studies show that the robbing behavior of pollen and nectar can benefit, be neutral or decrease the reproductive success of other plant species. Some studies have been published on the interaction of bees with this plant, mainly in the region south and southeast of Brazil. The objective of this research was to study the bee species assemblage that visit the flowers of Tecoma stans in two areas with different characteristics emphasizing the robbing behavior and its consequences. The study was carried out at the Campus I of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa - PB, and the Sítio Olho D'água, Alhambra - PB, during October 2014 and November 2015. All the manual pollination tests resulted in fruit yield while spontaneous self-pollination did not yield fruits, confirming that Tecoma stans is auto-compatible, but needs pollinators to transfer the pollen grains. After floral anthesis, the flowers last for two days and provide pollen for its visitors, an average of 4064.9±543.9 grains/anther; and nectar, mean production of 14.4±7.3μl/day, with an average concentration of sugar of 21.3±3,8% and 0.47±0.3mg of sugar/μl. 24 species of bees were recorded in UFPB and 21 species at the Sítio Olho D'água. The bees started foraging around 5:00h till 17:30h. Visits and visitors were more constant in UFPB than at the Sítio Olho D'água that showed greater variation during the day The number of visits and visitors were significantly higher in UFPB. Peak of visitors occurred in the flowers at 8.00h (average of 9.3±8.3 visitors/plant/day in UFPB. While at the Sítio Olho D'água there was a mean peak of visitors at 8:00h and 12:00h, average of 5.6±2.4 visitors/plant/day and 4.9±2,7 visitors/plant/day, respectively. The most abundant bee species were Trigona spinipes, T. fuscipennis, Partamona littoralis, Plebeia flavocincta and Xylocopa spp. in UFPB, and M. scutellaris and Augochlora spp. in Sítio Olho D'água. Eulaema nigrita, E. atleticana, Centris analis, C. fuscata, C. tarsata, C. aenea, Euglossa carolina, M. scutellaris and Melitoma segmentaria were considered effective pollinators. Apis mellifera, Augochlora sp., Ceratina chloris, C. maculifrons, Nannotrigona punctata, Partamona littoralis, Plebeia flavocincta, Trigona spinipes and T. fuscipennis were classified as occasional pollinators. Females of Xylocopa spp., Pseudaugochlora spp. and Trigona spinipes were primary nectar robbers. Trigona spinipes and Trigona fuscipennis were primary pollen robbers. In experiments in which the flowers received a barrier to prevent nectar robbing, the Reproductive Success of open-pollination with and without barrier were low and similar in both areas, suggesting that the nectar robbing did not influenced the production of fruits, refuting the hypothesis proposed. However, in later tests the Reproductive Success and Reproductive Efficacy in flowers was higher without barrier suggesting that the nectar robbing favored pollination supporting the hypothesis tested. This difference in results may be related to different periods of carrying out the tests, as well as differences in the abundance and pollinator composition in each area. Although some results showed that nectar robbing can affect negatively the fruit production of T stans, we still need more conclusive experiments.As abelhas são as principais polinizadoras de espécies vegetais do sistema agrícola e da maioria dos ambientes terrestres, interagindo com plantas nativas e exóticas. As plantas exóticas geralmente são encontradas em áreas urbanas como Tecoma stans, espécie nativa da região sul dos Estados Unidos e norte da América Central, introduzida no Brasil para ornamentação. Por apresentar flores com corolas tubulares longas, é comum a realização de aberturas/orifícios por certas espécies de abelhas que possibilitam o acesso aos recursos florais de T. stans. Todavia, como não entram na flor, essas abelhas realizam visitas ilegítimas, pois não contatam as estruturas reprodutivas das flores, e realizam a pilhagem dos recursos florais sem efetuar a polinização das mesmas. Alguns estudos foram publicados sobre a interação das abelhas com essa planta, principalmente, na região sul e sudeste do Brasil. Entretanto, não foram realizados estudos sobre o comportamento de pilhagem nessa espécie. Estudos demonstram que a pilhagem de pólen e néctar pode favorecer, ser neutra ou diminuir o sucesso reprodutivo de outras espécies vegetais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estudar a apifauna visitante de Tecoma stans em duas áreas com características diferentes, enfatizando o comportamento de pilhagem e suas consequências. O estudo foi realizado no Campus I da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa - PB, e no Sítio Olho D'água, Alhandra – PB, durante outubro de 2014 e novembro de 2015. Todos os testes de polinização manual resultaram na formação de frutos enquanto a polinização espontânea não gerou frutos, confirmando que Tecoma stans possui o sistema reprodutivo autocompatível, porém necessita de agentes polinizadores para a transferência dos grãos de pólen. Após a antese, as flores duram dois dias e oferecem pólen para seus visitantes, com média de 4.064,9±543,9 grãos/antera; e néctar, com produção média de 14,4±7,3μl/dia, com concentração média de açúcar de 21,3±3,8% e 0,47±0,3mg de acúcar/μl. Foram registradas 24 espécies de abelhas visitantes florais na UFPB e 21 espécies no Sítio Olho D’água. As abelhas iniciaram o forrageio por volta das 5:00h até às 17:30h. As visitas e os visitantes foram mais constantes na UFPB que no Sítio Olho D’água que apresentou maior variação durante os dias. O número de visitas e o número de visitantes foram significativamente maiores na UFPB. Ocorreu um pico de visitantes às 8:00h (média de 9,3±8,3 visitantes/planta/dia) na UFPB. Enquanto no Sítio Olho D’água ocorreu um pico médio de visitantes às 8:00h e outro às 12:00h (média de 5,6±2,4 visitantes/plantas/dia e 4,9±2,7 visitantes/planta/dia, respectivamente). As abelhas mais abundantes foram Trigona spinipes, T. fuscipennis, Partamona littoralis, Plebeia flavocincta e Xylocopa spp. na UFPB e Melipona scutellaris e Augochlora spp. no Sítio Olho D'água. Eulaema nigrita, E. atleticana, Centris analis, C. fuscata, C. tarsata, C. aenea, Euglossa carolina, Melipona scutellaris e Melitoma segmentaria foram consideradas polinizadoras efetivas; e Apis mellifera, Augochlora sp., Ceratina chloris, C. maculifrons, Nannotrigona punctata, Partamona littoralis, Plebeia flavocincta, Trigona spinipes e T. fuscipennis foram classificadas como polinizadoras ocasionais. As espécies de Xylocopa, Pseudaugochlora e Trigona spinipes foram pilhadoras primárias de néctar. Trigona spinipes e Trigona fuscipennis foram pilhadoras primárias de pólen. Em experimentos nos quais as flores receberam uma barreira para evitar a pilhagem de néctar, o sucesso reprodutivo da polinização livre em flores com e sem barreira foram baixos e semelhantes nas duas áreas, sugerindo que a pilhagem de néctar não influenciou na produção de frutos, refutando a hipótese proposta. Porém, em testes posteriores o Sucesso Reprodutivo e a Eficácia Reprodutiva nas flores sem barreira foi maior, sugerindo que a pilhagem de néctar favorece a polinização. Essa diferença nos resultados pode estar relacionada a diferentes períodos de realização dos testes, assim como a diferenças na abundância e composição de polinizadores em cada área. Os resultados mostraram que a pilhagem de néctar pode afetar a produção de frutos, porém são necessários experimentos mais conclusivos.Universidade Federal da ParaíbaBrasilZoologiaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências BiológicasUFPBMartins, Celso Feitosahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/9307879596894484Santos, Jean Miguel Alves dos2017-12-07T14:47:25Z2018-07-20T23:43:46Z2018-07-20T23:43:46Z2016-02-28info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfSANTOS, Jean Miguel Alves dos. Visitantes florais e polinização de Tecoma stans (Bignoniaceae): efeito da pilhagem de néctar na eficácia reprodutiva. 2016. 51 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Biológicas) - Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, 2016.https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/9718porinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPBinstname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)instacron:UFPB2018-09-05T23:45:56Zoai:repositorio.ufpb.br:tede/9718Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/PUBhttp://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/oai/requestdiretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.bropendoar:2018-09-05T23:45:56Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Visitantes florais e polinização de Tecoma stans (Bignoniaceae): efeito da pilhagem de néctar na eficácia reprodutiva
title Visitantes florais e polinização de Tecoma stans (Bignoniaceae): efeito da pilhagem de néctar na eficácia reprodutiva
spellingShingle Visitantes florais e polinização de Tecoma stans (Bignoniaceae): efeito da pilhagem de néctar na eficácia reprodutiva
Santos, Jean Miguel Alves dos
Polinizadores
Sucesso reprodutivo
Biologia floral
Sistema reprodutivo
Floral biology
Reproductive system
Pollinators
Reproductive success
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIA
title_short Visitantes florais e polinização de Tecoma stans (Bignoniaceae): efeito da pilhagem de néctar na eficácia reprodutiva
title_full Visitantes florais e polinização de Tecoma stans (Bignoniaceae): efeito da pilhagem de néctar na eficácia reprodutiva
title_fullStr Visitantes florais e polinização de Tecoma stans (Bignoniaceae): efeito da pilhagem de néctar na eficácia reprodutiva
title_full_unstemmed Visitantes florais e polinização de Tecoma stans (Bignoniaceae): efeito da pilhagem de néctar na eficácia reprodutiva
title_sort Visitantes florais e polinização de Tecoma stans (Bignoniaceae): efeito da pilhagem de néctar na eficácia reprodutiva
author Santos, Jean Miguel Alves dos
author_facet Santos, Jean Miguel Alves dos
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Martins, Celso Feitosa
http://lattes.cnpq.br/9307879596894484
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Santos, Jean Miguel Alves dos
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Polinizadores
Sucesso reprodutivo
Biologia floral
Sistema reprodutivo
Floral biology
Reproductive system
Pollinators
Reproductive success
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIA
topic Polinizadores
Sucesso reprodutivo
Biologia floral
Sistema reprodutivo
Floral biology
Reproductive system
Pollinators
Reproductive success
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIA
description Bees are the main pollinators of plant species of agricultural system and most terrestrial environments, interacting with native and exotic plants. Exotic plants are usually found in urban areas, like Tecoma stans, an introduced ornamental species in Brazil, native from the southern United States and northern Central America. In flowers with long tubular corolla as T. stans it is common to certain species of bees make openings/holes that enable access to the floral resources. However, as they do not enter the flower, these bees perform illegitimate visits, because they do not contact the reproductive structures of flowers, and thus rob the floral resources without pollinate the flowers. However, no studies on the robbing behavior in this species has been done. Studies show that the robbing behavior of pollen and nectar can benefit, be neutral or decrease the reproductive success of other plant species. Some studies have been published on the interaction of bees with this plant, mainly in the region south and southeast of Brazil. The objective of this research was to study the bee species assemblage that visit the flowers of Tecoma stans in two areas with different characteristics emphasizing the robbing behavior and its consequences. The study was carried out at the Campus I of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa - PB, and the Sítio Olho D'água, Alhambra - PB, during October 2014 and November 2015. All the manual pollination tests resulted in fruit yield while spontaneous self-pollination did not yield fruits, confirming that Tecoma stans is auto-compatible, but needs pollinators to transfer the pollen grains. After floral anthesis, the flowers last for two days and provide pollen for its visitors, an average of 4064.9±543.9 grains/anther; and nectar, mean production of 14.4±7.3μl/day, with an average concentration of sugar of 21.3±3,8% and 0.47±0.3mg of sugar/μl. 24 species of bees were recorded in UFPB and 21 species at the Sítio Olho D'água. The bees started foraging around 5:00h till 17:30h. Visits and visitors were more constant in UFPB than at the Sítio Olho D'água that showed greater variation during the day The number of visits and visitors were significantly higher in UFPB. Peak of visitors occurred in the flowers at 8.00h (average of 9.3±8.3 visitors/plant/day in UFPB. While at the Sítio Olho D'água there was a mean peak of visitors at 8:00h and 12:00h, average of 5.6±2.4 visitors/plant/day and 4.9±2,7 visitors/plant/day, respectively. The most abundant bee species were Trigona spinipes, T. fuscipennis, Partamona littoralis, Plebeia flavocincta and Xylocopa spp. in UFPB, and M. scutellaris and Augochlora spp. in Sítio Olho D'água. Eulaema nigrita, E. atleticana, Centris analis, C. fuscata, C. tarsata, C. aenea, Euglossa carolina, M. scutellaris and Melitoma segmentaria were considered effective pollinators. Apis mellifera, Augochlora sp., Ceratina chloris, C. maculifrons, Nannotrigona punctata, Partamona littoralis, Plebeia flavocincta, Trigona spinipes and T. fuscipennis were classified as occasional pollinators. Females of Xylocopa spp., Pseudaugochlora spp. and Trigona spinipes were primary nectar robbers. Trigona spinipes and Trigona fuscipennis were primary pollen robbers. In experiments in which the flowers received a barrier to prevent nectar robbing, the Reproductive Success of open-pollination with and without barrier were low and similar in both areas, suggesting that the nectar robbing did not influenced the production of fruits, refuting the hypothesis proposed. However, in later tests the Reproductive Success and Reproductive Efficacy in flowers was higher without barrier suggesting that the nectar robbing favored pollination supporting the hypothesis tested. This difference in results may be related to different periods of carrying out the tests, as well as differences in the abundance and pollinator composition in each area. Although some results showed that nectar robbing can affect negatively the fruit production of T stans, we still need more conclusive experiments.
publishDate 2016
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2016-02-28
2017-12-07T14:47:25Z
2018-07-20T23:43:46Z
2018-07-20T23:43:46Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
format masterThesis
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv SANTOS, Jean Miguel Alves dos. Visitantes florais e polinização de Tecoma stans (Bignoniaceae): efeito da pilhagem de néctar na eficácia reprodutiva. 2016. 51 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Biológicas) - Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, 2016.
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/9718
identifier_str_mv SANTOS, Jean Miguel Alves dos. Visitantes florais e polinização de Tecoma stans (Bignoniaceae): efeito da pilhagem de néctar na eficácia reprodutiva. 2016. 51 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Biológicas) - Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, 2016.
url https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/9718
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv por
language por
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal da Paraíba
Brasil
Zoologia
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas
UFPB
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal da Paraíba
Brasil
Zoologia
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas
UFPB
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
instname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)
instacron:UFPB
instname_str Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)
instacron_str UFPB
institution UFPB
reponame_str Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
collection Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
repository.name.fl_str_mv Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv diretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.br
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