Vulnerabilidade socioambiental e a ocorrência de eventos hidrometeorológicos na área urbana de Campina Grande – PB

• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Rejane do Nascimento
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/20788
• topic: Risco ambiental; Periferização; Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social; Indicadores socioeconômicos; Risco ambiental; Environmental risk; Periphery; Social Vulnerability Index; Socioeconomic indicators; CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::GEOCIENCIAS

This work, which is part of a socio-environmental discussion, aims to conduct an integrative study of environmental risk, social vulnerability and its associations with the occurrence of hydrometeorological events in the urban area of Campina Grande-PB. For this, a qualiquantitative methodology was adopted, oriented to the construction and discussion of a Socioenvironmental Vulnerability Index (IVSA) from the perspective of Geography. To this end, a Social Vulnerability Index (IVS) was initially drawn up, consisting of socioeconomic indicators from the 2010 IBGE demographic census. The aggregation and weighting of indicators in an index was supported by objective criteria suggested in the specialized literature on the issue of vulnerability and its measurement. Finally, the IVS was added, by means of a geometric mean, to physical-natural (slope and altimetry) and spatial (shorter distance from the census sector to the edge of the urban perimeter) to form the IVSA. In order to carry out this study, information related to hydrometeorological events (flooding and drought) that occurred in the urban area of the studied city in the period of 2000 to 2018 were also collected in the printed and online publications of Jornal Diário da Borborema and Jornal da Paraíba. As a result, it was possible to see that socio-environmental vulnerability in the urban area of Campina Grande showed low values of vulnerability in census sectors in central neighborhoods, while census sectors in neighborhoods located close to the urban perimeter showed high values of vulnerability. Quantitatively, the set of census sectors associated with the class with the lowest values of IVSA corresponded to 11.10% of the analyzed territory, with a population density of 8,479.7 inhabitants / km². The set of census sectors included in the class with the highest IVSA values corresponded to the largest territorial area (60.27%), however, with the lowest population density (1,635.5 inhabitants / km²). Analyzing the association between the result of the IVSA and the distribution of the cataloged hydrometeorological events, it was found that the neighborhoods in the central area of the city had mostly low levels of IVSA and a greater amount of occurrence of hydrometeorological events, while for the neighborhoods that presented higher IVSA values, the number of events recorded was considerably lower. In addition, drought events were also addressed in this research, since they represent determining factors for the social and economic life of Campina Grande. In this sense, it was considered mainly the geographic location of the reservoir that supplies the city, positioned in an area with low rainfall, triggering in periods of drought the adoption of water rationing systems, which frequently alters the functioning of schools, hospitals and the routine of city dwellers.