Florestas tropicais sazonalmente secas na perspectiva da ecologia de paisagens: uma análise geoambiental dos fragmentos de Caatinga no cariri paraibano
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/30248 |
Resumo: | The Caatinga is the largest and most isolated Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in South America. Amid around humid forests, the endemic biome stands out for its geodiversity and biodiversity adapted to the semi-arid climate area. However, scientific research and public policies to the specificities of the Caatinga are incipient, where still prevails the common sense of a region with extreme social and landscape poorness. Located in the Caatinga biome, the Cariri region, state of Paraiba, is characterized by a historical process of land use and occupation composed of agriculture, subsistence farming and plant extractivism of native species, which has resulted in large extensions of areas susceptible to desertification and habitat fragmentation. This research was based on the hypotheses that analogous geoenvironmental components enable the maintenance of fragments with greater vegetation density, where geological structures become facilitating elements for the structural connectivity of the landscape. The verification of the hypotheses took place from the geographical precepts of Landscape Ecology, with the objective of analyzing the structural pattern of the landscape to propose connectivity models between fragments of Dense Caatinga of Cariri in Paraiba state. The map land use and land cover of the study area was carried out using the GEOBIA classification, with seven thematic classes: Hydrous body, Rocky outcrop , Anthropogenic Environment, Exotic Forest, Anthropized Caatinga, Rarefect Caatinga and Dense Caatinga. After statistical validation of the map, the landscape analysis was based on the dynamics of use and occupation of the territory and the application of landscape metrics. The results showed a pattern of distribution of the areas invaded by the Exotic Forest, with emphasis on the strips on the banks of tributary rivers of Paraíba; and alteration of the Caatinga by identified anthropogenic activities. Also noteworthy was the strong pressure on the cultural, geological and geomorphological heritage caused by the extraction of bentonite in the municipality of Boa Vista, where there is a proposal to create the Cariri Geopark. Despite this, the metrics revealed the low fragmentation of the Caatinga Rarefeita, analyzed as the dominant unit of the landscape according to the patch-corridor-matrix model. Dense Caatinga, on the other hand, showed high fragmentation, with the size of the patches not very expressive in the context of the landscape. The resulting modeling of the Integral Connectivity Index showed an alarming scenario, where the structural arrangement of the fragments highlighted by the metric do not travel through the matrix – and indicates the low effectiveness in the formation of stepping stones among the scattered spots in the landscape. The Conservation Units proved to be very important for the protection of the remnants of Caatinga Densa, although they present weaknesses in management. With an evident process of isolating these environments, lineaments of topographic heights and shear zones were identified as facilitating elements for the formation of ecological corridors, based on fractal theory, where geomorphological features of residual reliefs are repeated on a regional scale. In this way, it was concluded that the analyzed geo-environmental components can be incorporated as a strategy to territorial planning to discipline the use and occupation of land and connect relevant areas for environmental protection. |
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Florestas tropicais sazonalmente secas na perspectiva da ecologia de paisagens: uma análise geoambiental dos fragmentos de Caatinga no cariri paraibanoGeografia - Planejamento territorialCaatingaComponentes geoambientaisConectividade estruturalEcologia de paisagensGeography - Territorial planningGeoenvironmental componentsStructural connectivityLandscape ecologyCNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::GEOCIENCIASThe Caatinga is the largest and most isolated Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in South America. Amid around humid forests, the endemic biome stands out for its geodiversity and biodiversity adapted to the semi-arid climate area. However, scientific research and public policies to the specificities of the Caatinga are incipient, where still prevails the common sense of a region with extreme social and landscape poorness. Located in the Caatinga biome, the Cariri region, state of Paraiba, is characterized by a historical process of land use and occupation composed of agriculture, subsistence farming and plant extractivism of native species, which has resulted in large extensions of areas susceptible to desertification and habitat fragmentation. This research was based on the hypotheses that analogous geoenvironmental components enable the maintenance of fragments with greater vegetation density, where geological structures become facilitating elements for the structural connectivity of the landscape. The verification of the hypotheses took place from the geographical precepts of Landscape Ecology, with the objective of analyzing the structural pattern of the landscape to propose connectivity models between fragments of Dense Caatinga of Cariri in Paraiba state. The map land use and land cover of the study area was carried out using the GEOBIA classification, with seven thematic classes: Hydrous body, Rocky outcrop , Anthropogenic Environment, Exotic Forest, Anthropized Caatinga, Rarefect Caatinga and Dense Caatinga. After statistical validation of the map, the landscape analysis was based on the dynamics of use and occupation of the territory and the application of landscape metrics. The results showed a pattern of distribution of the areas invaded by the Exotic Forest, with emphasis on the strips on the banks of tributary rivers of Paraíba; and alteration of the Caatinga by identified anthropogenic activities. Also noteworthy was the strong pressure on the cultural, geological and geomorphological heritage caused by the extraction of bentonite in the municipality of Boa Vista, where there is a proposal to create the Cariri Geopark. Despite this, the metrics revealed the low fragmentation of the Caatinga Rarefeita, analyzed as the dominant unit of the landscape according to the patch-corridor-matrix model. Dense Caatinga, on the other hand, showed high fragmentation, with the size of the patches not very expressive in the context of the landscape. The resulting modeling of the Integral Connectivity Index showed an alarming scenario, where the structural arrangement of the fragments highlighted by the metric do not travel through the matrix – and indicates the low effectiveness in the formation of stepping stones among the scattered spots in the landscape. The Conservation Units proved to be very important for the protection of the remnants of Caatinga Densa, although they present weaknesses in management. With an evident process of isolating these environments, lineaments of topographic heights and shear zones were identified as facilitating elements for the formation of ecological corridors, based on fractal theory, where geomorphological features of residual reliefs are repeated on a regional scale. In this way, it was concluded that the analyzed geo-environmental components can be incorporated as a strategy to territorial planning to discipline the use and occupation of land and connect relevant areas for environmental protection.NenhumaA Caatinga é a maior e mais isolada Floresta Tropical Sazonalmente Seca da América do Sul. Em meio a florestas úmidas, o endêmico bioma se destaca pela geodiversidade e biodiversidade adaptada ao clima semiárido. No entanto, pesquisas científicas e políticas públicas adequadas às especificidades da Caatinga são incipientes e ainda predomina o senso comum de uma região com extrema pobreza social e paisagística. Inserida na Caatinga, a região do Cariri Paraibano apresenta um histórico processo de uso e ocupação do solo composto pela agricultura, pecuária de subsistência e extrativismo vegetal de espécies nativas, que tem resultado em grandes extensões de áreas susceptíveis à desertificação e na fragmentação de hábitats. A tese se embasou nas hipóteses que os componentes geoambientais análogos viabilizam a manutenção de fragmentos com maior densidade de vegetação, onde estruturas geológicas se tornam elementos facilitadores para a conectividade estrutural da paisagem. A verificação das hipóteses ocorreu a partir dos preceitos geográficos da Ecologia de Paisagens, tendo como objetivo analisar o padrão estrutural da paisagem para propor modelos de conectividade entre fragmentos de Caatinga Densa na região do Cariri Paraibano. O mapeamento da área de estudo foi realizado pela classificação GEOBIA, com a definição de sete classes temáticas: Corpo Hídrico, Afloramento Rochoso, Ambiente Antrópico, Mata Exótica, Caatinga Antropizada, Caatinga Rarefeita e Caatinga Densa. Após validação estatística do mapa, a análise da paisagem se baseou na dinâmica de uso e ocupação do território e na aplicação de métricas da paisagem. Os resultados apresentaram um padrão de distribuição das áreas invadidas pela Mata Exótica, com destaque para as faixas nas margens de rios afluentes do Paraíba; e a alteração da Caatinga pelas atividades antropogênicas identificadas. Destacou-se também a forte pressão ao patrimônio cultural, geológico e geomorfológico ocasionada pela extração de bentonita no município de Boa Vista, onde há proposta de criação do Geoparque do Cariri. Apesar disso, as métricas revelaram a baixa fragmentação da Caatinga Rarefeita, analisada como unidade dominante da paisagem conforme modelo mancha-corredor-matriz. Já a Caatinga Densa demonstrou elevada fragmentação, com tamanho das manchas pouco expressivos no contexto da paisagem. A modelagem resultante do Índice Integral de Conectividade mostrou um cenário alarmante, onde o arranjo estrutural dos fragmentos destacados pela métrica não percorrem pela matriz – e indica a baixa efetividade na formação de stepping stones entre as manchas dispersas na paisagem. As Unidades de Conservação demostraram ser muito importantes para a proteção dos remanescentes de Caatinga Densa, embora apresentem fragilidades na gestão. Com evidente processo de isolamento desses ambientes, os lineamentos de altos topográficos e as zonas de cisalhamento foram identificados como elementos facilitadores para a formação de corredores ecológicos, embasados na teoria dos fractais, onde feições geomorfológicas dos relevos residuais se repetem na escala regional. Desta forma, concluiu-se que os componentes geoambientais analisados podem ser incorporados como estratégia ao planejamento territorial para disciplinar o uso e ocupação da terra e conectar áreas relevantes para a proteção ambiental.Universidade Federal da ParaíbaBrasilGeografiaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em GeografiaUFPBLima, Eduardo Rodrigues Viana dehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2941361024141417Souza, Bartolomeu Israel dehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7944996933649086Oliveira, Janaína Silva de2024-05-22T10:17:53Z2023-08-202024-05-22T10:17:53Z2023-04-28info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesishttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/30248porAttribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPBinstname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)instacron:UFPB2024-05-23T06:09:27Zoai:repositorio.ufpb.br:123456789/30248Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/PUBhttp://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/oai/requestdiretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.bropendoar:2024-05-23T06:09:27Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Florestas tropicais sazonalmente secas na perspectiva da ecologia de paisagens: uma análise geoambiental dos fragmentos de Caatinga no cariri paraibano |
title |
Florestas tropicais sazonalmente secas na perspectiva da ecologia de paisagens: uma análise geoambiental dos fragmentos de Caatinga no cariri paraibano |
spellingShingle |
Florestas tropicais sazonalmente secas na perspectiva da ecologia de paisagens: uma análise geoambiental dos fragmentos de Caatinga no cariri paraibano Oliveira, Janaína Silva de Geografia - Planejamento territorial Caatinga Componentes geoambientais Conectividade estrutural Ecologia de paisagens Geography - Territorial planning Geoenvironmental components Structural connectivity Landscape ecology CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::GEOCIENCIAS |
title_short |
Florestas tropicais sazonalmente secas na perspectiva da ecologia de paisagens: uma análise geoambiental dos fragmentos de Caatinga no cariri paraibano |
title_full |
Florestas tropicais sazonalmente secas na perspectiva da ecologia de paisagens: uma análise geoambiental dos fragmentos de Caatinga no cariri paraibano |
title_fullStr |
Florestas tropicais sazonalmente secas na perspectiva da ecologia de paisagens: uma análise geoambiental dos fragmentos de Caatinga no cariri paraibano |
title_full_unstemmed |
Florestas tropicais sazonalmente secas na perspectiva da ecologia de paisagens: uma análise geoambiental dos fragmentos de Caatinga no cariri paraibano |
title_sort |
Florestas tropicais sazonalmente secas na perspectiva da ecologia de paisagens: uma análise geoambiental dos fragmentos de Caatinga no cariri paraibano |
author |
Oliveira, Janaína Silva de |
author_facet |
Oliveira, Janaína Silva de |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Lima, Eduardo Rodrigues Viana de http://lattes.cnpq.br/2941361024141417 Souza, Bartolomeu Israel de http://lattes.cnpq.br/7944996933649086 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Oliveira, Janaína Silva de |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Geografia - Planejamento territorial Caatinga Componentes geoambientais Conectividade estrutural Ecologia de paisagens Geography - Territorial planning Geoenvironmental components Structural connectivity Landscape ecology CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::GEOCIENCIAS |
topic |
Geografia - Planejamento territorial Caatinga Componentes geoambientais Conectividade estrutural Ecologia de paisagens Geography - Territorial planning Geoenvironmental components Structural connectivity Landscape ecology CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::GEOCIENCIAS |
description |
The Caatinga is the largest and most isolated Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in South America. Amid around humid forests, the endemic biome stands out for its geodiversity and biodiversity adapted to the semi-arid climate area. However, scientific research and public policies to the specificities of the Caatinga are incipient, where still prevails the common sense of a region with extreme social and landscape poorness. Located in the Caatinga biome, the Cariri region, state of Paraiba, is characterized by a historical process of land use and occupation composed of agriculture, subsistence farming and plant extractivism of native species, which has resulted in large extensions of areas susceptible to desertification and habitat fragmentation. This research was based on the hypotheses that analogous geoenvironmental components enable the maintenance of fragments with greater vegetation density, where geological structures become facilitating elements for the structural connectivity of the landscape. The verification of the hypotheses took place from the geographical precepts of Landscape Ecology, with the objective of analyzing the structural pattern of the landscape to propose connectivity models between fragments of Dense Caatinga of Cariri in Paraiba state. The map land use and land cover of the study area was carried out using the GEOBIA classification, with seven thematic classes: Hydrous body, Rocky outcrop , Anthropogenic Environment, Exotic Forest, Anthropized Caatinga, Rarefect Caatinga and Dense Caatinga. After statistical validation of the map, the landscape analysis was based on the dynamics of use and occupation of the territory and the application of landscape metrics. The results showed a pattern of distribution of the areas invaded by the Exotic Forest, with emphasis on the strips on the banks of tributary rivers of Paraíba; and alteration of the Caatinga by identified anthropogenic activities. Also noteworthy was the strong pressure on the cultural, geological and geomorphological heritage caused by the extraction of bentonite in the municipality of Boa Vista, where there is a proposal to create the Cariri Geopark. Despite this, the metrics revealed the low fragmentation of the Caatinga Rarefeita, analyzed as the dominant unit of the landscape according to the patch-corridor-matrix model. Dense Caatinga, on the other hand, showed high fragmentation, with the size of the patches not very expressive in the context of the landscape. The resulting modeling of the Integral Connectivity Index showed an alarming scenario, where the structural arrangement of the fragments highlighted by the metric do not travel through the matrix – and indicates the low effectiveness in the formation of stepping stones among the scattered spots in the landscape. The Conservation Units proved to be very important for the protection of the remnants of Caatinga Densa, although they present weaknesses in management. With an evident process of isolating these environments, lineaments of topographic heights and shear zones were identified as facilitating elements for the formation of ecological corridors, based on fractal theory, where geomorphological features of residual reliefs are repeated on a regional scale. In this way, it was concluded that the analyzed geo-environmental components can be incorporated as a strategy to territorial planning to discipline the use and occupation of land and connect relevant areas for environmental protection. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-08-20 2023-04-28 2024-05-22T10:17:53Z 2024-05-22T10:17:53Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/30248 |
url |
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/30248 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Geografia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia UFPB |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Geografia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia UFPB |
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reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB instname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) instacron:UFPB |
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Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) |
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UFPB |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) |
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diretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.br |
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