Arborização na cidade de Patos/PB: diagnóstico, benefícios térmicos da vegetação urbana e potencialidades paisagísticas de espécies nativas da caatinga

• Autor(a) principal: Borges, Danniely Alves Benício
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/16846
• topic: Vegetação urbana; Semiárido; Espécies nativas; Urban vegetation; Semi-arid; Native species; Arborização urbana – Patos (PB); Espécies nativas – Semiárido; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA

The city goes through constant transformations. Disordered form of urban occupation triggers a series of consequences for urban environment and the population. Vegetation is one of the points that has been suppressed. Green in cities has many functions, such as: climatic mitigation, pollution reduction, humidity and permeable area increase, as well as biodiversity conservation. The general objective of the present work is to perform a diagnosis of urban afforestation in the city of Patos/PB as a way of proposing improvements, contributing to city’s urban and environmental planning. As a specific objective, it has to calculate the density of urban afforestation present in the city (neighborhoods); identify the species being used in urban afforestation, as well as their state of use and conservation; carry out a study of land use and occupation as a way to demonstrate the importance of green for climatic mitigation in semiarid regions; describe the landscape characteristics of native Caatinga species as a way of proposing them for afforestation plan in the city of Patos /PB, aiming the maintenance of local biodiversity. The study area chosen was the city of Patos /PB, located in Sertão Paraibano meso-region of. Geospatial analyzes of arborization were carried out in the city through Google Earth images using free software QGIS 2.18.13 Las Palmas. The inventory method used for afforestation survey was the sampling with probability proportional to size, proposed by Michi and Couto (1996). Neighborhoods chosen were Brasília, Centro, Maternidade; Novo Horizonte; Jatobá; Liberdade. For floristic similarity, Sorensen Similarity Index and Bray-Curtis Index were used. It was detreminated biversity by Shannon-Weaver Index and equability was determined by Pielou Index. For phytosociological parameters, it was used Kent and Coker (1992) methodology. In temperature measurement, six points were chosen in the city, according to differences of land use and occupation. Rainfall and dry temperature were measured (OKE, 2004), as well as heat islands values. For landscape tree potentialities analysis, 15 Phytosociology studies of Caatinga were analyzed. The results obtained were as follows: comparative analysis among the districts indicated that the neighborhood with the highest number of trees /km of sidewalk is Liberdade, with 65.56 trees /km of paved road, followed by Jatobá neighborhood (58,17). Soon after it comes Maternidade (53,17), Brasília (40,07) and Novo Horizonte neighborhoods (39,27). For floristic composition, 2758 individuals from 38 species, distributed in 36 genera and 15 botanical families, were quantified. The family with the greatest species richness was Fabaceae. Shannon-Wiener Index for the six neighborhoods together was worth 1,013. For Sorensen Index, all connections between neighborhoods presented similarity superior to 0,50. All neighborhoods presented value superior to 88% of exotic ones. Land use and occupation is directly linked to temperature factor. The neighborhood that presented the lowest value was P1 (control) and the one that obtained the highest value was P4. The biggest heat island in dry weather was P4 and in the rainy weather it was at P5. Phytosociology works in Caatinga point to a diversity of potential species for landscaping use in the semi - arid region. It is concluded that vegetation is an essential element for urban environment, where native species need to be more recognized for the landscape potential and importance they represent in urban environment.