Os efeitos da categorização de gênero sobre a empatia e o julgamento moral
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2019 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/16902 |
Resumo: | Studies involving Social Identity Theory have been effective in demonstrating differences in response to varied social situations related to the categorization of a target as an ingroup or outgroup member as an effect of what has been termed the ingroup bias. Once social categorization is recognized as an inescapable phenomenon of social life, in what way does it affect moral decisions in everyday life, considering that moral judgment is based on a justice premise? Through a purpose of investigating morality closer to everyday reality, this study used an adaptation of the classic Heinz’s dilemma aiming to analyze the effects of gender categorization on empathy and moral judgment. For that, a version of the dilemma with a female protagonist was also produced and the situations were applied in 183 participants, 92 women and 91 men, in an experimental factorial 2 (female offender versus male offender) x 2 (female participant versus male participant) between-subjects research design. Response data were collected on situational scales of empathy and moral judgment built for this purpose. Additionally, the potential of dispositional empathy, as measured by the IRI, and of moral development, as measured by DIT-1, were verified as moderators of the response to experimental situations. Although differences in empathy have been reported in the literature as a result of target’s group membership, in the direction of greater empathy by ingroup members, no differences in the empathic response to treatments have been observed by analyzing only the effects of the offender’s sex and participant’s sex manipulations. Likewise, no differences were found in moral judgment either. However, differences based on dispositional measures were observed, that is, when the analysis considered a binary classification of participants in low or high scores in terms of empathy and moral development. With regard to empathy, the effects of the experimental treatment appeared to be associated with the activation of gender stereotypes, resulting in differences in situational empathy as the effect of dispositional empathy for the condition in which male participants evaluated a male offender. Regarding moral development, a tendency to derogate ingroup members with a deviant behavior (black sheep effect) was found, so that a greater negative evaluation of the ingroup offender was observed only in the group of participants with low moral development. Overall, the results suggest some possible distinction in moral experience regarding women and men, due to gender differences in empathy. In any case, the occurrence of bias in moral judgment was not observed primarily associated with empathy, but as an effect of the participants’ moral development itself. These findings highlight the importance of including developmental variables in social psychology investigations, as well as the contribution of low moral development to the perpetuation of certain social problems. |
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Os efeitos da categorização de gênero sobre a empatia e o julgamento moralGêneroCategorização socialEmpatiaJulgamento moralDesenvolvimento moralGenderSocial categorizationEmpathyMoral judgmentMoral developmentPsicologia socialEmpatiaJulgamento moralCNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIAStudies involving Social Identity Theory have been effective in demonstrating differences in response to varied social situations related to the categorization of a target as an ingroup or outgroup member as an effect of what has been termed the ingroup bias. Once social categorization is recognized as an inescapable phenomenon of social life, in what way does it affect moral decisions in everyday life, considering that moral judgment is based on a justice premise? Through a purpose of investigating morality closer to everyday reality, this study used an adaptation of the classic Heinz’s dilemma aiming to analyze the effects of gender categorization on empathy and moral judgment. For that, a version of the dilemma with a female protagonist was also produced and the situations were applied in 183 participants, 92 women and 91 men, in an experimental factorial 2 (female offender versus male offender) x 2 (female participant versus male participant) between-subjects research design. Response data were collected on situational scales of empathy and moral judgment built for this purpose. Additionally, the potential of dispositional empathy, as measured by the IRI, and of moral development, as measured by DIT-1, were verified as moderators of the response to experimental situations. Although differences in empathy have been reported in the literature as a result of target’s group membership, in the direction of greater empathy by ingroup members, no differences in the empathic response to treatments have been observed by analyzing only the effects of the offender’s sex and participant’s sex manipulations. Likewise, no differences were found in moral judgment either. However, differences based on dispositional measures were observed, that is, when the analysis considered a binary classification of participants in low or high scores in terms of empathy and moral development. With regard to empathy, the effects of the experimental treatment appeared to be associated with the activation of gender stereotypes, resulting in differences in situational empathy as the effect of dispositional empathy for the condition in which male participants evaluated a male offender. Regarding moral development, a tendency to derogate ingroup members with a deviant behavior (black sheep effect) was found, so that a greater negative evaluation of the ingroup offender was observed only in the group of participants with low moral development. Overall, the results suggest some possible distinction in moral experience regarding women and men, due to gender differences in empathy. In any case, the occurrence of bias in moral judgment was not observed primarily associated with empathy, but as an effect of the participants’ moral development itself. These findings highlight the importance of including developmental variables in social psychology investigations, as well as the contribution of low moral development to the perpetuation of certain social problems.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPqEstudos envolvendo a Teoria da Identidade Social têm sido eficientes em demonstrar diferenças na resposta a situações sociais variadas associadas a categorização do alvo enquanto membro do endogrupo ou do exogrupo como efeito do que foi denominado de viés do endogrupo. Uma vez que a categorização social é reconhecida enquanto um fenômeno inescapável da vida social, de que maneira ela afeta decisões morais no dia-a-dia, considerando que o julgamento moral parte de uma premissa de justiça? Mediante uma proposta de investigação da moralidade mais próxima da realidade cotidiana, o presente estudo utilizou uma adaptação do clássico dilema de Heinz com o objetivo de analisar os efeitos da categorização de gênero sobre a empatia e o julgamento moral. Para tanto, também foi produzida uma versão do dilema com um protagonista do sexo feminino e as situações foram aplicadas em 183 participantes, 92 mulheres e 91 homens, em um delineamento experimental fatorial 2 (infrator mulher versus infrator homem) x 2 (participantes mulher versus participante homem) interssujeitos. Os dados de resposta foram coletados em escalas de medida situacionais de empatia e julgamento moral construídas para este fim. Ademais, verificou-se o potencial das variáveis de empatia disposicional, mensurada pelo EMRI, e de desenvolvimento moral, mensurado pelo DIT-1, enquanto moderadores da resposta às situações experimentais. Embora tenham sido relatadas na literatura diferenças na empatia como efeito da pertença grupal do alvo, na direção de uma maior empatia por membros do endogrupo, não foram observadas diferenças na resposta empática aos tratamentos mediante análise apenas dos efeitos da manipulação do sexo do infrator e do sexo do participante. Da mesma forma, também não foram encontradas diferenças no julgamento moral. Contudo, foram observadas diferenças baseadas nas medidas disposicionais, isto é, quando a análise considerou uma classificação binária dos participantes a partir de escores baixos ou altos em termos de empatia e de desenvolvimento moral. Com relação à empatia, os efeitos do tratamento experimental pareceram associados à ativação de estereótipos de gênero, resultando em diferenças de empatia situacional como efeito da empatia disposicional para a condição na qual os homens foram confrontados com um infrator do sexo masculino. Acerca do desenvolvimento moral, foi encontrada uma tendência de derrogação de membros do endogrupo com comportamento desviante (efeito ovelha negra), de modo que uma maior avaliação negativa do infrator membro do endogrupo foi observada apenas no grupo de participantes com baixo desenvolvimento moral. De modo geral, os resultados sugerem que pode haver alguma distinção na experiência moral de homens e mulheres em razão das diferenças entre os sexos em termos de empatia. De todo modo, a ocorrência de viés no julgamento moral não foi observada primariamente associada à empatia, mas como efeito do próprio desenvolvimento moral dos participantes. Mediante tais achados, ressalta-se a importância da inclusão de variáveis de desenvolvimento nas investigações em psicologia social, bem como a contribuição do baixo desenvolvimento moral na perpetuação de determinadas problemáticas sociais.Universidade Federal da ParaíbaBrasilPsicologia SocialPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia SocialUFPBCamino, Cleonice Pereira dos Santoshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5539236809255729Pereira, Cícero Robertohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7960803865685885Ramos, Renalle Ruana Pessoa2020-02-28T15:05:02Z2019-04-212020-02-28T15:05:02Z2019-02-28info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesishttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/16902porAttribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPBinstname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)instacron:UFPB2020-02-28T15:05:02Zoai:repositorio.ufpb.br:123456789/16902Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/PUBhttp://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/oai/requestdiretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.bropendoar:2020-02-28T15:05:02Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Os efeitos da categorização de gênero sobre a empatia e o julgamento moral |
title |
Os efeitos da categorização de gênero sobre a empatia e o julgamento moral |
spellingShingle |
Os efeitos da categorização de gênero sobre a empatia e o julgamento moral Ramos, Renalle Ruana Pessoa Gênero Categorização social Empatia Julgamento moral Desenvolvimento moral Gender Social categorization Empathy Moral judgment Moral development Psicologia social Empatia Julgamento moral CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA |
title_short |
Os efeitos da categorização de gênero sobre a empatia e o julgamento moral |
title_full |
Os efeitos da categorização de gênero sobre a empatia e o julgamento moral |
title_fullStr |
Os efeitos da categorização de gênero sobre a empatia e o julgamento moral |
title_full_unstemmed |
Os efeitos da categorização de gênero sobre a empatia e o julgamento moral |
title_sort |
Os efeitos da categorização de gênero sobre a empatia e o julgamento moral |
author |
Ramos, Renalle Ruana Pessoa |
author_facet |
Ramos, Renalle Ruana Pessoa |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Camino, Cleonice Pereira dos Santos http://lattes.cnpq.br/5539236809255729 Pereira, Cícero Roberto http://lattes.cnpq.br/7960803865685885 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Ramos, Renalle Ruana Pessoa |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Gênero Categorização social Empatia Julgamento moral Desenvolvimento moral Gender Social categorization Empathy Moral judgment Moral development Psicologia social Empatia Julgamento moral CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA |
topic |
Gênero Categorização social Empatia Julgamento moral Desenvolvimento moral Gender Social categorization Empathy Moral judgment Moral development Psicologia social Empatia Julgamento moral CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA |
description |
Studies involving Social Identity Theory have been effective in demonstrating differences in response to varied social situations related to the categorization of a target as an ingroup or outgroup member as an effect of what has been termed the ingroup bias. Once social categorization is recognized as an inescapable phenomenon of social life, in what way does it affect moral decisions in everyday life, considering that moral judgment is based on a justice premise? Through a purpose of investigating morality closer to everyday reality, this study used an adaptation of the classic Heinz’s dilemma aiming to analyze the effects of gender categorization on empathy and moral judgment. For that, a version of the dilemma with a female protagonist was also produced and the situations were applied in 183 participants, 92 women and 91 men, in an experimental factorial 2 (female offender versus male offender) x 2 (female participant versus male participant) between-subjects research design. Response data were collected on situational scales of empathy and moral judgment built for this purpose. Additionally, the potential of dispositional empathy, as measured by the IRI, and of moral development, as measured by DIT-1, were verified as moderators of the response to experimental situations. Although differences in empathy have been reported in the literature as a result of target’s group membership, in the direction of greater empathy by ingroup members, no differences in the empathic response to treatments have been observed by analyzing only the effects of the offender’s sex and participant’s sex manipulations. Likewise, no differences were found in moral judgment either. However, differences based on dispositional measures were observed, that is, when the analysis considered a binary classification of participants in low or high scores in terms of empathy and moral development. With regard to empathy, the effects of the experimental treatment appeared to be associated with the activation of gender stereotypes, resulting in differences in situational empathy as the effect of dispositional empathy for the condition in which male participants evaluated a male offender. Regarding moral development, a tendency to derogate ingroup members with a deviant behavior (black sheep effect) was found, so that a greater negative evaluation of the ingroup offender was observed only in the group of participants with low moral development. Overall, the results suggest some possible distinction in moral experience regarding women and men, due to gender differences in empathy. In any case, the occurrence of bias in moral judgment was not observed primarily associated with empathy, but as an effect of the participants’ moral development itself. These findings highlight the importance of including developmental variables in social psychology investigations, as well as the contribution of low moral development to the perpetuation of certain social problems. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-04-21 2019-02-28 2020-02-28T15:05:02Z 2020-02-28T15:05:02Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/16902 |
url |
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/16902 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Psicologia Social Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Social UFPB |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Psicologia Social Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Social UFPB |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB instname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) instacron:UFPB |
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Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) |
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UFPB |
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UFPB |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) |
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diretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.br |
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1801842957708427264 |