Cimento Portland na Ilha de Tiriri: história, vestígios e caracterização dos materiais

• Autor(a) principal: Medeiros, José Alysson Dehon Moraes
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/15285
• topic: Cimento Portland; Evolução tecnológica; Ciências forenses; Patrimônio cultural; Portland cement; Technological evolution; Forensic Sciences; Cultural Heritage; Ciment Portland; Évolution technologique; Science forensique; Patrimoine culturel; Cimento Portland - Evolução tecnológica; Cimento Portland - História; Arqueologia industrial - Paraíba; Engenharia forense; Engenharia de materiais; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS

ABSTRACT Paraíba is an important cement production centre in the Brazilian Northeast region, firstly remembered by this industry thanks to the pioneering of the first modern factory implanted outside the Southeast region, still in the decade of 1930. However, it is not very mentioned that the State had the first Portland cement factory in Brazil, still at the end of the 19th century, whose history has been explored in a fanciful way or reduced to a mere legal dispute. The objective of this work is to recount this history from its vestiges, with documentary and technical-scientific background, considering its short period of operation in 1892. In addition to the literature review on the technological evolution of cement production and product characteristics at the time, four visits were carried out at the ruins of the old factory, located on Tiriri Island, in Santa Rita, Paraíba. Data collect in situ techniques applied to Forensic Sciences were applied, since the characterization of the constructions by means of aerial photogrammetry – with elaboration of a 3D digital model – to the search, identification and collect of the cementitious traces essential to the study, aiming at the minimum intervention on site. Besides identifying the quarry and the remaining factory constructions, the first three visits were used to collect samples: clays and limestone; plaster mortars (plaster and bricks laying); traces from Dietzsch kilns inside materials; and an object of hydrated cement. The fourth visit was to record the location of this object in the context of the site and to remove it in order to preserve and analyse it in the laboratory. The samples of the raw material were characterized by X-ray fluorescence, whereas the traces of cementitious materials were characterized by X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction. Kilns burnt material samples were also analyse by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), including dispersive energy spectrometry (EDS). The comparison between the results of quarry samples and those of the cementitious remains were consistent, rejecting the mythical hypothesis. On the other hand, the analysis of the cement traces and their microstructural characteristics allowed to classify the Portland cement production in the island, in terms of the its qualitative evolution. Evidence obtained, along with other findings discovered during the research, allowed to emphasize the enterprise among its congeners and raise the remaining ruins to a distinct site of Industrial Archeology, still absent of protection and recognition as cultural heritage from Paraiba and Brazil.