Qualidade e atividade antioxidante de fruto e seu óleo de genótipos do licurizeiro (Syagrus coronata)

• Autor(a) principal: Miranda, Katia Elizabeth de Souza
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/4027
• topic: Arecaceae; Polpa; Amêndoa; Compostos bioativos; Resíduo; Estabilidade térmica; Arecaceae; Pulp; Nut; Bioactive compounds; Residue; Thermal stability; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS::TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS

The licuri tree (Syagrus coronata) is a native palm tree from the Arecaceae family of spontaneous occurrence in Semiarid, Northeast Brazil, which vegetates from Pernambuco to Minas Gerais States. This palm tree has a high socioeconomic importance because it is characterized as a fully usable plant whose leaves are used in crafts and utilitarian products and the fruit, the licuri, is eaten fresh and is also widely used in cooking by the population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of licurizeiro fruit (whole fruit, pulp, and nut) during maturation. It was evaluated the whole fruit, pulp, and nut of harvested clusters, according to the coloration of fruits, from naturally occurring genotypes in farms from the municipality of Buíque, Pernambuco State. Fruit coloration evolved from yellow-green in the early maturation to yellow-orange at full maturity. Whole fruits and nuts were evaluated for fresh weight, length and diameter. The results indicate that the coloration is a good reference for determining the maturaty of licuri. For the whole fruit, nut it was evaluated soluble solids, titratable acidity, SS/TA, pH, moisture, ash, proteins, lipids, soluble sugars, reducing sugars, starch, and fiber. The pulp of licuri proved to be a significant source of soluble sugars and fibers. Nuts are characterized as a source of lipids, proteins and fiber. Bioactive compounds were evaluated in whole fruit, pulp, and nut. For the whole fruit, it was evaluated ascorbic acid; for the pulp and nut, iron, potassium, sodium, zinc, and ascorbic acid. It was determined total extractable polyphenols and total antioxidant activity for the pulp and defatted nut (residue) of the licuri. The experiment was carried on in a completely randomized design, and applied analysis of variance and means were compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability, and also performed Principal Component Analysis. Regarding the levels of ascorbic acid, the highest mean value was found for the pulp at the maturity stage predominant light green with brown edges coloration (VC). For the minerals, the mean content of potassium was the highest in the pulp and nut. The values of total extractable polyphenols confirmed the levels of antioxidant activity, with higher values in defatted almond (residue) than in the pulp. It was assessed the quality of oil licuri nut, as for the physico-chemical profile of fatty acids, antioxidant capacity, and thermal stability. It was also determined moisture, ash, acid value, saponification index, peroxide index, refractive index, iodine index, kinematic viscosity, density, cloud point, pour point, thermal stability, and antioxidant activity in the oil, from fruit harvested in the maturity stages predominantly yellow with brown edges (AC) and orange yellowish with brown edges (LA). The licuri oil presented the physico-chemical characteristics suitable for crude oils and as related to fatty acids profile, a mean content of 10.96% of oleic acid was found for the maturity stage LA. The licuri oil showed high antioxidant activity and good thermal stability, whose onset of degradation was observed at temperatures above 210.03 oC.