Relações de gênero e vulnerabilidades ao adoecimento em cidades rurais paraibanas

• Autor(a) principal: Sousa, Daniela Heitzmann Amaral Valentim de
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/9115
• topic: Saúde; Vulnerabilidade; Gênero; Rural; Health; Vulnerability; Gender; Rural; CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA

Starting from the premise that care, health practices and access to health services are influenced by gender social relationships, being experienced differently by men and women; Based on the Vulnerability and Human Rights Model (Ayres, 2012) and the Social Concept of Gender (Scott, 1995), the main objective of this study is to analyze the vulnerabilities pervaded by gender social relationships in health care, In access to the health services of men and women residing in rural cities in Paraíba. It is a study that had to approach the Analysis by Method Triangulation. The population of this study was made up of residents (men and women) from rural cities in the State of Paraiba, considered to be those with up to 10,000 inhabitants. A representative sample of the population was determined by a multi-stage process, considering the four macro-regions of health, municipalities with less than 10,000 inhabitants. And popular addresses in their homes, places or places. The quantitative sample consisted of 697 participants, 334 men and 363 women residing in 24 rural cities in Paraiba. The qualitative sample consisted of 19 men and 28 women residing in 11 rural cities in Paraíba. As a collection instrument, a Sociodemographic Questionnaire was used, a Questionnaire of Practices and Health Access, Observation and Field Journal and semi-structured interviews based on the method of scenes (Paiva & Zuchi, 2012). In order to present the results of the sociodemographic questionnaire and the questionnaire on practices and access to health, descriptive statistics were used, with the use of measures of position (Media), variability (Standard Deviation) and frequency distribution, besides measures of association Square and test t). The presentation of the contents of the interviews was carried out based on Categories determined from the themes raised and processed in a series of steps, according to the Figueiredo (1993) proposal. The contents of the field diary contain the record of information that emerged from the field work being used in the analysis of the data as complement and counterpoint of the data collected through the mobilization of the other selected technical resources. After analyzing and presenting the results of each instrument used in this research, we performed the Analysis by Method Triangulation, that is, if we use three reference points to adapt and articulate the different units, variables and indicators in view of the complexity of the Research, contributing to the results obtained can be examined from several perspectives (Minayo, Assis & Souza, 2005). Partial results, for descriptive purposes only, point to a profile of participants aged 21-89 years (M = 43.9 years, SD = 14.5), 57% married, heterosexual (99%) (32%) and for men (33%). Although schooling prevailed to the fundamental level (60%), it has a higher number of women with higher education compared to men (p = 0.00). However, men have higher income (p = 0.00), although in the general sample, 57% receive up to two minimum wages and women receive more public benefits (32% women / 15% men). In relation to lifestyle, leisure for women refers to staying at home (18%), meeting friends (17%) and attending church (13%), while for men and finding friends (24 %) And play soccer (16%) (p = 0.00). Regular physical activity was reported by 48% of women and 44% of men (p = 0.01). Tobacco is used by 19% of the sample, being higher for men (58% - p = 0.01) while 43% are alcohol users, of which 63% are men (p = 0.01). Men (15%) more than women (10%) reported having suffered violence, mostly physical (p = 0.05), the perpetrator unknown to men (71%) and the spouse / partner for women (90%). Health was seen as a priority (35%) and associated with well-being (24%) and improvement depends on individual behaviors (28%) and better service structure (22%). The women sought care in less time (last 6 months, p = 0.00), with delay / poor attendance (31%), scheduling difficulty (16%) and distance (16%) the main difficulties. Regarding preventive exams, only 22% of the men reported having had a prostate exam, while 66% of the women reported regular visits to the gynecologist and had a Pap smear (85%), USG (53%) and mammography (29%). . Embarrassment in intimate examinations with professionals of the opposite sex was reported by 43% of women versus 20% of men (p = 0.00). The thematic categorization allowed to obtain three thematic classes that were organized according to the theoretical model of the vulnerabilities and the objectives contemplated Google Tradutor para empresas:Google Toolkit de tradução para apps The first one refers to "Individual Vulnerability", which addresses the concrete conditions, the life on the scene of these men and women and the way they experience and face their reality in the rural context, which involved two categories of analysis , Namely: a) Scenarios of Rural Daily Life ?? In which we obtained the subcategories Absence of Work, Absence of Resources, Absence of Support Network, Violence and Psychic Suffering; And b) "Confrontation"? In which emerged the subcategories Alcohol and Private Network for Men and Care for Children and Religious for Women. In the second thematic class, ?? Social Vulnerability ?? Which contemplates the social experiences for men and for women based on the perception they have of the difference of the sexes, one obtains two categories, titled: a) ?? Gender Papers ?? In which the sub-categories Male Provider, Caregiver and Needs in Health emerged; And b) Relationships with Health Services? In which emerged the subcategories Search, Perception of Attendance, Embarrassment and Prevention. The third thematic class ?? Program Vulnerability ?? Which indicates the experience of participants when they use the health posts in the rural cities surveyed, had the categories named, a) ?? Health Service ?? Obtaining as subcategories Attendance and Access; And b) "Supportive Welfare". The reading of the field diary points to situations of inequalities in health care, mainly due to the social disparities to which they are submitted. The principles of SUS are uncorrected and highlights party politics as oppressive, lack of physical structure and investments and a daily marked by violence and fear. In general, the results allowed to conclude that, in the rural context, gender conceptions promote different forms of care, health practices and access to health services, accentuating the vulnerability of men and women to illness and aggravation of Diseases and, in an intrinsic way, in the least possibility of resources and conduits for their protection. It was found that gender inequalities interact with social inequalities, including poverty; The lack of infrastructure, basic services, education, access to information; Identified in those localities that make up the vulnerabilities to illness and the less availability of resources to protect themselves.