A biogeografia marinha e o saber local do Recife do Seixas (João Pessoa/PB) para aplicação de práticas ambientais

• Autor(a) principal: Massei, Karina
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/19081
• topic: Ambiente recifal; Geologia sedimentar; Comunidade recifal; Saber local; Práticas ambientais; Reef environment; Sedimentary geology; Reef community; Local knowledge; Environmental practices; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA

This study presents new and relevant data on the geomorphology, geophysics and biota of the Seixas / PB reef environment, being one of the pioneers in this reef environment with this level of detail. Geological, geophysical and geochemical studies show the existence of compartments (beach, internal platform and reef), areas (sheltered, plateau and beat) and geomorphological features (channel, reef flat, crest reef, front reef, fore reef), indicating that the depositional processes of the seabed undergo oceanographic influence. It was not possible to find the base rock of support for the construction of the reef through three drillings with a maximum depth of 250 cm, the results of the petrographic slides, the X-ray diffractogram analyzed and the material collected in the dives realized in the external wall of the reef. reefs show that the Seixas reef is a recent coral-algal carbonate biogenic formation associated with the evolution of the coastline, with high coastal sedimentation and acting in conjunction with the sea level rise (Holocene Quaternary Period), supported in the marine abrasion terrace under the coastal plain shaped by the Paraíba Sedimentary Basin, more precisely in the Alhandra Sub-basin and is approximately 30 km from the Northeastern continental slope. Currently the reef has 1.18 km2 of consolidated area with a maximum height of 6 m. From a consolidated arenite base the settlement and settlement of benthic organisms occurred, going through succession processes continuously. A sample area of 225 m², with a sampling effort of 120 hours of underwater visual surveys (transects and photochromes), it was possible to map the macroalgal, coral and fish communities and verify that the depth and granulometry variables influence the structuring of the communities. In a cover dominated by macroalgae (68.99%), corals, hydrocoral and zoanthids (7.62%), calcareous structures - rhodolites (9.73%), unbound sediment (11.89%) and consolidated sediment (277 individuals), Pomacentridae (248 individuals), Acanthuridae (108 individuals), and in a smaller number of individuals, the Epinephelidae families were represented by Haemulidae (696 individuals), Labridae-Scarinae (272 individuals) , Mullidae, Sciaenidae, Holocentridae and Gobiidae. As a general analysis, the relation between the Sheltered and Plateau areas and between the Beat and Plateau areas, points to the Plateau area as an ecotone environment. At the level of endemism, four coral families of the order Scleractinia and eight species of ichthyofauna are endemic to the South Atlantic Biogeographic Province, corroborating with the general characterization of this province (low diversity with a high degree of endemism, surviving in murky waters). Through workshops and concept maps built by local users, it was found that the group of fishermen are the ones who know the environment better, either because of the need for navigation (rock formation) and fishing (places with greater supply, being the hydrocoral "fire-coral" best known due to the associated fauna). The junction of scientific knowledge correlated with the biogeographic context and acquired local knowledge resulted in the application of three environmental practices (unraveling the marine creatures, ecological trail and underwater route) involving the local community according to the premises of citizen science. The marine biogeographic context attributed to the practices for the Seixas microcosm reef was based on the historical and ecological processes of how this geological environment arose and where the biological communities came from, demonstrating the connectivities in a local to global present day vision.