Eficiência de fungos entomopatogênicos sobre formigas cortadeiras (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2018 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/14762 |
Resumo: | Leaf-cutting ants of the genera Atta and Acromyrmex are recognised as important pests of the Neotropics. Currently, the main control method is the use of chemical insecticides. However, there is a growing concern about the negative effects of the frequent applications of insecticides on non-target organisms, human health and the environment. Entomopathogenic fungi can naturally infect insect hosts via direct penetration of the cuticle and have been investigated worldwide as promising biological control agents. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria brongniartii, Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae, Paecilomyces sp. and Aspergillus sp. against leaf-cutting ants in laboratory. We also analyzed the effect of Fipronil on the vegetative growth and conidiogenesis of the fungal isolates. For each species of fungus, an experiment with 90 specimens of leaf-cutting ants was carried out, corresponding to three replicates of 10 ants for each treatment (Treatment 1Control group = autoclaved distilled water + Tween 80 0.01 %; Treatment 2 = suspension of 1.0 x 104 conidia.mL-1 + Tween 80 0.01 %; Treatment 3 = suspension of 1.0 x 108 conidia.mL-1 + Tween 80 0.01 %). The ants were transferred individually to Petri dishes containing filter paper with 1 mL of the conidia suspension and cotton balls moistened with a 10 % honey solution. The plates were kept at a temperature of 25 ± 2 °C and relative humidity of 70 ± 10 %, and evaluated every 24 hours for 10 days, to observe the extrusion of the fungi and to confirm the death of the insects by the pathogens. To determine the effect of the insecticide on the vegetative growth and conidiogenesis of the fungal isolates, 0.8 g/L of the product and 0.3 g/L of penicillin were added to the SabouraudDextrose-Agar culture medium. After 10 days, each colony diameter was measured with a ruler and the conidia were counted using a Neubauer chamber. As a result of the bioassay, both concentrations of conidia used (1.0 x 104 and 1.0 x 108 conidia.mL-1) were able to assure infection and disease progression in the leaf-cutting ants, with the mortality of the ants ranging from 4.80 ± 2.10 to 9.99 ± 0.00 (mean ± SE) and LT50 ranging from 6.01 to 10.22 days. Regarding the two concentrations tested, we observed that, in some cases, insect mortality increased as conidia concentration increased. Among all isolates Aspergillus sp. was the one that had the highest mean mortalities (9.99 ± 0.10 and 9.99 ± 0.00) and the lowest LT50 (6.47 and 6.01 days) for both concentrations. Fipronil-treated fungal isolates showed a reduction in vegetative growth, but the insecticide did not significantly compromise the conidiogenesis of the isolates. In conclusion, the bioassay described in this study allowed the discovery of isolates with great potential to be evaluated in field conditions for the biological control of leaf-cutting ants, contributing to the development of more effective and environmentally friendly alternatives for the control of these insect-pests and Fipronil, was classified as “compatible” with the fungal isolates based on the in vitro compatibility test. |
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Eficiência de fungos entomopatogênicos sobre formigas cortadeiras (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)BiotecnologiaFormigas cortadeirasControle biológicoBiotechnologyLeaf-cutting antsbiological controlCNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICASLeaf-cutting ants of the genera Atta and Acromyrmex are recognised as important pests of the Neotropics. Currently, the main control method is the use of chemical insecticides. However, there is a growing concern about the negative effects of the frequent applications of insecticides on non-target organisms, human health and the environment. Entomopathogenic fungi can naturally infect insect hosts via direct penetration of the cuticle and have been investigated worldwide as promising biological control agents. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria brongniartii, Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae, Paecilomyces sp. and Aspergillus sp. against leaf-cutting ants in laboratory. We also analyzed the effect of Fipronil on the vegetative growth and conidiogenesis of the fungal isolates. For each species of fungus, an experiment with 90 specimens of leaf-cutting ants was carried out, corresponding to three replicates of 10 ants for each treatment (Treatment 1Control group = autoclaved distilled water + Tween 80 0.01 %; Treatment 2 = suspension of 1.0 x 104 conidia.mL-1 + Tween 80 0.01 %; Treatment 3 = suspension of 1.0 x 108 conidia.mL-1 + Tween 80 0.01 %). The ants were transferred individually to Petri dishes containing filter paper with 1 mL of the conidia suspension and cotton balls moistened with a 10 % honey solution. The plates were kept at a temperature of 25 ± 2 °C and relative humidity of 70 ± 10 %, and evaluated every 24 hours for 10 days, to observe the extrusion of the fungi and to confirm the death of the insects by the pathogens. To determine the effect of the insecticide on the vegetative growth and conidiogenesis of the fungal isolates, 0.8 g/L of the product and 0.3 g/L of penicillin were added to the SabouraudDextrose-Agar culture medium. After 10 days, each colony diameter was measured with a ruler and the conidia were counted using a Neubauer chamber. As a result of the bioassay, both concentrations of conidia used (1.0 x 104 and 1.0 x 108 conidia.mL-1) were able to assure infection and disease progression in the leaf-cutting ants, with the mortality of the ants ranging from 4.80 ± 2.10 to 9.99 ± 0.00 (mean ± SE) and LT50 ranging from 6.01 to 10.22 days. Regarding the two concentrations tested, we observed that, in some cases, insect mortality increased as conidia concentration increased. Among all isolates Aspergillus sp. was the one that had the highest mean mortalities (9.99 ± 0.10 and 9.99 ± 0.00) and the lowest LT50 (6.47 and 6.01 days) for both concentrations. Fipronil-treated fungal isolates showed a reduction in vegetative growth, but the insecticide did not significantly compromise the conidiogenesis of the isolates. In conclusion, the bioassay described in this study allowed the discovery of isolates with great potential to be evaluated in field conditions for the biological control of leaf-cutting ants, contributing to the development of more effective and environmentally friendly alternatives for the control of these insect-pests and Fipronil, was classified as “compatible” with the fungal isolates based on the in vitro compatibility test.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESAs formigas cortadeiras dos gêneros Atta e Acromyrmex são consideradas importantes pragas do Neotrópico. Atualmente, o principal método de controle empregado é o uso de inseticidas químicos. Contudo, existe uma crescente preocupação acerca dos efeitos negativos das aplicações frequentes de inseticidas em organismos não-alvo, na saúde humana e no ambiente. Os fungos entomopatogênicos podem, naturalmente, infectar insetos hospedeiros via penetração direta da cutícula e têm sido estudados em todo o mundo como promissores agentes de controle biológico. Dito isso, o objetivo desse trabalho é avaliar a eficiência de isolados de Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria brongniartii, Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae, Paecilomyces sp. e Aspergillus sp. sobre formigas cortadeiras em laboratório. Além de analisar o efeito do Fipronil sobre o crescimento vegetativo e conidiogênese dos isolados fúngicos. Para cada espécie de fungo, foi realizado um experimento com 90 exemplares de formigas cortadeiras, correspondendo a três repetições de 10 formigas para cada tratamento (Tratamento 1Grupo controle = água destilada autoclavada + Tween 80 0,01 %; Tratamento 2 = suspensão de 1,0 x 104 conídios.mL-1 + Tween 80 0,01 %; Tratamento 3 = suspensão de 1,0 x 108 conídios.mL-1 + Tween 80 0,01 %). As formigas foram transferidas individualmente para placas de Petri contendo papel de filtro com 1 mL da suspensão de conídios e bolas de algodão umedecidas com uma solução de mel a 10 %. As placas foram mantidas à temperatura de 25 ± 2 °C e umidade relativa de 70 ± 10 % e avaliadas a cada 24 horas durante 10 dias, para observação da extrusão dos fungos e confirmação da morte dos insetos pelos patógenos. Para determinar o efeito do inseticida sobre o crescimento vegetativo e conidiogênese dos isolados fúngicos, 0,8 g/L do produto e 0,3 g/L de penicilina foram adicionados ao meio de cultura Ágar-Sabouraud-Dextrose. Após 10 dias, o diâmetro de cada colônia foi medido com o auxílio de uma régua e os conídios foram contados em câmara de Neubauer. O Fipronil foi, então, classificado quanto à toxicidade in vitro sobre os isolados. Como resultado do bioensaio, obteve-se que as duas concentrações de conídios utilizadas (1,0 x 104 e 1,0 x 108 conídios.mL-1) foram capazes de assegurar a infecção e o progresso da doença nas formigas cortadeiras, com a mortalidade média das formigas variando entre 4,80 ± 2,10 e 9,99 ± 0,00 e o TL50 variando entre 6,01 e 10,22 dias. Em relação às concentrações de conídios, observou-se que, em alguns casos, o aumento da concentração contribuiu para se elevar a mortalidade nos insetos. Entre todos os isolados, Aspergillus sp. foi o que apresentou as maiores mortalidades médias (9,99 ± 0,10 e 9,99 ± 0,00) e os menores TL50 (6,47 e 6,01 dias) para ambas as concentrações de conídios. Os isolados fúngicos tratados com Fipronil apresentaram uma redução no crescimento vegetativo. Contudo, o inseticida não comprometeu significativamente a conidiogênese dos mesmos. Conclui-se, portanto, que o bioensaio descrito no presente estudo permitiu a descoberta de isolados com grande potencial para serem avaliados em campo para o controle biológico de formigas cortadeiras, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de alternativas mais eficazes e menos danosas ao ambiente para o controle desses insetos-praga e que o Fipronil, na concentração testada, mostrou-se “compatível” para os isolados fúngicos no teste de compatibilidade in vitro.Universidade Federal da ParaíbaBrasilBiotecnologiaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em BiotecnologiaUFPBSousa, Adna Cristina Barbosa dehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7683967653033181Bezerra, Nathalia Souza2019-06-18T18:33:12Z2019-06-182019-06-18T18:33:12Z2018-02-27info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesishttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/14762porAttribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPBinstname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)instacron:UFPB2019-06-19T06:05:45Zoai:repositorio.ufpb.br:123456789/14762Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/PUBhttp://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/oai/requestdiretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.bropendoar:2019-06-19T06:05:45Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Eficiência de fungos entomopatogênicos sobre formigas cortadeiras (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) |
title |
Eficiência de fungos entomopatogênicos sobre formigas cortadeiras (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) |
spellingShingle |
Eficiência de fungos entomopatogênicos sobre formigas cortadeiras (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Bezerra, Nathalia Souza Biotecnologia Formigas cortadeiras Controle biológico Biotechnology Leaf-cutting ants biological control CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS |
title_short |
Eficiência de fungos entomopatogênicos sobre formigas cortadeiras (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) |
title_full |
Eficiência de fungos entomopatogênicos sobre formigas cortadeiras (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) |
title_fullStr |
Eficiência de fungos entomopatogênicos sobre formigas cortadeiras (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Eficiência de fungos entomopatogênicos sobre formigas cortadeiras (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) |
title_sort |
Eficiência de fungos entomopatogênicos sobre formigas cortadeiras (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) |
author |
Bezerra, Nathalia Souza |
author_facet |
Bezerra, Nathalia Souza |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Sousa, Adna Cristina Barbosa de http://lattes.cnpq.br/7683967653033181 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Bezerra, Nathalia Souza |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Biotecnologia Formigas cortadeiras Controle biológico Biotechnology Leaf-cutting ants biological control CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS |
topic |
Biotecnologia Formigas cortadeiras Controle biológico Biotechnology Leaf-cutting ants biological control CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS |
description |
Leaf-cutting ants of the genera Atta and Acromyrmex are recognised as important pests of the Neotropics. Currently, the main control method is the use of chemical insecticides. However, there is a growing concern about the negative effects of the frequent applications of insecticides on non-target organisms, human health and the environment. Entomopathogenic fungi can naturally infect insect hosts via direct penetration of the cuticle and have been investigated worldwide as promising biological control agents. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria brongniartii, Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae, Paecilomyces sp. and Aspergillus sp. against leaf-cutting ants in laboratory. We also analyzed the effect of Fipronil on the vegetative growth and conidiogenesis of the fungal isolates. For each species of fungus, an experiment with 90 specimens of leaf-cutting ants was carried out, corresponding to three replicates of 10 ants for each treatment (Treatment 1Control group = autoclaved distilled water + Tween 80 0.01 %; Treatment 2 = suspension of 1.0 x 104 conidia.mL-1 + Tween 80 0.01 %; Treatment 3 = suspension of 1.0 x 108 conidia.mL-1 + Tween 80 0.01 %). The ants were transferred individually to Petri dishes containing filter paper with 1 mL of the conidia suspension and cotton balls moistened with a 10 % honey solution. The plates were kept at a temperature of 25 ± 2 °C and relative humidity of 70 ± 10 %, and evaluated every 24 hours for 10 days, to observe the extrusion of the fungi and to confirm the death of the insects by the pathogens. To determine the effect of the insecticide on the vegetative growth and conidiogenesis of the fungal isolates, 0.8 g/L of the product and 0.3 g/L of penicillin were added to the SabouraudDextrose-Agar culture medium. After 10 days, each colony diameter was measured with a ruler and the conidia were counted using a Neubauer chamber. As a result of the bioassay, both concentrations of conidia used (1.0 x 104 and 1.0 x 108 conidia.mL-1) were able to assure infection and disease progression in the leaf-cutting ants, with the mortality of the ants ranging from 4.80 ± 2.10 to 9.99 ± 0.00 (mean ± SE) and LT50 ranging from 6.01 to 10.22 days. Regarding the two concentrations tested, we observed that, in some cases, insect mortality increased as conidia concentration increased. Among all isolates Aspergillus sp. was the one that had the highest mean mortalities (9.99 ± 0.10 and 9.99 ± 0.00) and the lowest LT50 (6.47 and 6.01 days) for both concentrations. Fipronil-treated fungal isolates showed a reduction in vegetative growth, but the insecticide did not significantly compromise the conidiogenesis of the isolates. In conclusion, the bioassay described in this study allowed the discovery of isolates with great potential to be evaluated in field conditions for the biological control of leaf-cutting ants, contributing to the development of more effective and environmentally friendly alternatives for the control of these insect-pests and Fipronil, was classified as “compatible” with the fungal isolates based on the in vitro compatibility test. |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2018-02-27 2019-06-18T18:33:12Z 2019-06-18 2019-06-18T18:33:12Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/14762 |
url |
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/14762 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Biotecnologia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia UFPB |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Biotecnologia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia UFPB |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB instname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) instacron:UFPB |
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Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) |
instacron_str |
UFPB |
institution |
UFPB |
reponame_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
collection |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
diretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.br |
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1801842949568331776 |