Influência do uso de um dispositivo limitador de picos de vazão na performance de filtros anaeróbios pós tanques sépticos

• Autor(a) principal: Souza, Sofia Fernandes Lemos de
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/5525
• topic: Tratamento de esgotos; Filtro anaeróbio; Choque hidráulico; Sewage treatment; Anaerobic filters; Hydraulic Shock; ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL

There are many technologies that seek efficient and cost compatible solutions to minimize the problem caused by sewage discharge. In cases of low density of occupation, or in peri-urban communities, where a sewerage system is difficult to implement, individual solutions can work satisfactory and economically. The septic tank has been the main alternative solution adopted to overcome the absence of sewerage and complementary treatment of their wastewater through anaerobic filters is a combined system that can achieve good removal efficiencies of biodegradable organic matter. However, these onsite systems are assumed to be implemented at generation effluent site, being subject to more pronounced peak flow than large systems, due to the proximity that they are installed from the sewage sources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of flow attenuation on the performance of anaerobic filters treating tank septic effluents. It was conducted a comparative study between two identical filters filled with granite rocks, being only one of them, filter 1, preceded by a device that provides limitation of peak flows. These filters were installed in parallel and fed with septic tank effluent. Flow and physico-chemical parameters monitoring of the effluents was done over one year. During this period, the inclusion of a restriction peak flow chamber, preceding filter 1 provided an average reduction in peak flow of 48.6%, however, this did not significantly influence the removal efficiency of COD, BOD5, turbidity, settable solids, SS and VSS. Both filters have provided good results in the removal of organic matter and solids. The removal efficiencies of filter 1 were 32.8% for BOD5, 43.3% for COD, 49.8% for turbidity, 97.8% for settable solids, 56.2% for SS and 54.7% for SSV. For filter 2, the removal efficiencies were 31.5% for BOD5, 40.3% for COD, 45.1% for turbidity, 86.7% for settable solids, 52.3% for SS and 50.9% for VSS. Therefore, it can be concluded that, although the literature on the subject points to an interference of hydraulic loads on the reactor efficiency, in case of biomass adapted to another flow regime than those found in the present study, and biofilters fed by higher organic loads than those studied in this research, variations of spontaneous flow from the use of toilet facilities found in this present study, do not significantly influence the treatment efficiency of anaerobic filters fed with an average COD concentration of 192 mg/L. In addition, the inclusion of the restriction peak flow device, in fact increased the filter clogging occurrences, so that its adoption is not recommended.