Conversão térmica dos resíduos urbanos como alternativa energética para o encerramento dos lixões da Paraíba
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23489 |
Resumo: | Currently, Brazil has been going through a great challenge, the closure of open-air dumps and their environmentally appropriate destination. In 2020, 79 million tons of waste were generated, with 29.5 million tons of urban solid waste (MSW) ending up in landfills or controlled landfills, which do not have a set of systems and measures necessary to protect the environment. environment and people's health from damage and degradation. In this circumstance, it becomes urgent to search for alternatives to minimize urban solid waste in the world. Municipalities in the state of Paraíba have been facing difficulties in closing activities in dumps, given the large volume of waste deposited and few financial resources to invest in environmentally correct disposal. Many of these dumps are located close to places of human consumption, such as plantations and water resources. In the state of Paraíba, in the year 2018 to 2021, there was a growth of more than 550% of the municipalities that close the dumps, with 156 municipalities out of 223 properly destined. Several studies are carried out to improve the management of solid waste and new forms of treatment, having the energy reuse intrinsic to the minimization of pollution, the recovery of these wastes can come from a pyrolysis process, which has as products composed in the form of gas, liquid and/or solid, and which can be used as an energy source. The methodology used in the study was through the physical-chemical characterization obtained through immediate analysis, analysis of calorific value, X-Ray fluorescence (FRX) and thermogravimetric analysis. The MSW had a percentage of 10% of humidity, having influence by the way in which the material was found, whereas the RO (organic residues) had 71.11%. The result of the immediate analyzes showed that there is a large amount of compounds that can be devolatilized, in addition to that, the values obtained for the calorific value of RO were 20.13 MJ/kg and MSW in 17.82 MJ/kg, being comparable to traditional biomass fuels that have already been used for energy purposes. Through thermogravimetric analysis, it was noted that at 150 °C, moisture loss occurs, which corresponds to the drying process and at around 214 °C, thermal decomposition begins. From the results of the physicochemical characteristics, it is possible to analyze the viability of MSW in the pyrolysis process. Considering that urban solid waste is viable for the pyrolysis process, the authors suggest the microbiological conversion of organic waste. The pyrolysis of municipal waste is an alternative to reduce dependence on foreign energy sources and an incentive to move world consumption from fossil fuels to renewable energies. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of application of the pyrolysis process in the treatment of urban solid waste, aiming at the generation of renewable energy. |
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Conversão térmica dos resíduos urbanos como alternativa energética para o encerramento dos lixões da ParaíbaResíduos sólidos urbanosLixõesPiróliseEnergia renovávelParaíbaUrban solid wasteDumpsPyrolysisRenewable energyCNPQ::ENGENHARIASCurrently, Brazil has been going through a great challenge, the closure of open-air dumps and their environmentally appropriate destination. In 2020, 79 million tons of waste were generated, with 29.5 million tons of urban solid waste (MSW) ending up in landfills or controlled landfills, which do not have a set of systems and measures necessary to protect the environment. environment and people's health from damage and degradation. In this circumstance, it becomes urgent to search for alternatives to minimize urban solid waste in the world. Municipalities in the state of Paraíba have been facing difficulties in closing activities in dumps, given the large volume of waste deposited and few financial resources to invest in environmentally correct disposal. Many of these dumps are located close to places of human consumption, such as plantations and water resources. In the state of Paraíba, in the year 2018 to 2021, there was a growth of more than 550% of the municipalities that close the dumps, with 156 municipalities out of 223 properly destined. Several studies are carried out to improve the management of solid waste and new forms of treatment, having the energy reuse intrinsic to the minimization of pollution, the recovery of these wastes can come from a pyrolysis process, which has as products composed in the form of gas, liquid and/or solid, and which can be used as an energy source. The methodology used in the study was through the physical-chemical characterization obtained through immediate analysis, analysis of calorific value, X-Ray fluorescence (FRX) and thermogravimetric analysis. The MSW had a percentage of 10% of humidity, having influence by the way in which the material was found, whereas the RO (organic residues) had 71.11%. The result of the immediate analyzes showed that there is a large amount of compounds that can be devolatilized, in addition to that, the values obtained for the calorific value of RO were 20.13 MJ/kg and MSW in 17.82 MJ/kg, being comparable to traditional biomass fuels that have already been used for energy purposes. Through thermogravimetric analysis, it was noted that at 150 °C, moisture loss occurs, which corresponds to the drying process and at around 214 °C, thermal decomposition begins. From the results of the physicochemical characteristics, it is possible to analyze the viability of MSW in the pyrolysis process. Considering that urban solid waste is viable for the pyrolysis process, the authors suggest the microbiological conversion of organic waste. The pyrolysis of municipal waste is an alternative to reduce dependence on foreign energy sources and an incentive to move world consumption from fossil fuels to renewable energies. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of application of the pyrolysis process in the treatment of urban solid waste, aiming at the generation of renewable energy.Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado da Paraíba - FAPESQAtualmente o Brasil vem passando por um grande desafio, o encerramento dos lixões a céu aberto e sua destinação ambientalmente adequada. No ano de 2020 foram gerados 79 milhões de toneladas de resíduos, sendo que 29,5 milhões de toneladas de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) acabaram indo para lixões ou aterros controlados, que não contam com um conjunto de sistemas e medidas necessários para proteger o meio ambiente e a saúde das pessoas contra danos e degradações. Nessa circunstância, torna-se urgente a busca por alternativas para a minimização de resíduos sólidos urbanos no mundo. Os municípios do estado da Paraíba vêm enfrentando dificuldades para o encerramento das atividades nos lixões, tendo em vista ao grande volume de resíduos depositado e poucos recursos financeiros para investir na destinação ambientalmente correta. Muitos desses lixões estão localizados próximos a locais de consumo humano, como plantações e recursos hídricos. No estado da Paraíba no ano de 2018 para 2021 houve um crescimento de mais de 550% dos municípios que encerram os lixões, sendo 156 municípios de 223 destinando de maneira adequada. Diversos estudos são realizados para aperfeiçoar a gestão dos resíduos sólidos e novas formas de tratamento tendo o reaproveitamento energético intrínseco à minimização da poluição, a valorização desses resíduos pode ser advinda de um processo pirólise, o qual tem como produtos compostos na forma de gás, líquido e/ou sólido, e que podem ser utilizados como fonte energética. A metodologia utilizada no estudo se deu através da caracterização físico-química obtida através das análises imediata, análise do poder calorífico, fluorescência de Raios X (FRX) e análise termogravimétrica. O RSU ficou com percentual de 10% de umidade tendo influência pela maneira a qual o material foi encontrado, já o RO (resíduos orgânicos) ficou com 71,11%. O resultado das análises imediata mostraram que há uma grande quantidade de compostos que podem ser devolatilizados, além de que, os valores obtidos do poder calorífico do RO foi de 20,13 MJ/kg e o RSU em 17,82 MJ/kg, sendo comparáveis aos dos combustíveis tradicionais de biomassa que já foram utilizadas para fins energéticos. Através das análises termogravimétricas notou-se que em 150 ºC ocorre a perda de umidade, no qual corresponde ao processo de secagem e por volta dos 214 °C iniciou se a decomposição térmica. A partir dos resultados das características físico-químicas, é possível analisar a viabilidade dos RSU no processo de pirólise. Tendo os resíduos sólidos urbanos viáveis para o processo de pirólise, já os resíduos orgânicos autores sugerem a conversão microbiológica. A pirólise dos resíduos urbanos é uma alternativa para diminuir a dependência de fontes de energia estrangeiras e um incentivo para mover o consumo mundial de combustíveis fósseis para energias renováveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de aplicação do processo de pirólise no tratamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos, visando a geração de energia renovável.Universidade Federal da ParaíbaBrasilEngenharia de Energias RenováveisPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Energias RenováveisUFPBAndersen, Silvia Layara Florianihttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2031930949755065Mélo, Sahyonara Estrela de Lacerda Hussein2022-07-18T12:35:12Z2022-02-022022-07-18T12:35:12Z2021-12-16info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesishttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23489porAttribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPBinstname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)instacron:UFPB2022-08-09T12:31:03Zoai:repositorio.ufpb.br:123456789/23489Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/PUBhttp://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/oai/requestdiretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.bropendoar:2022-08-09T12:31:03Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Conversão térmica dos resíduos urbanos como alternativa energética para o encerramento dos lixões da Paraíba |
title |
Conversão térmica dos resíduos urbanos como alternativa energética para o encerramento dos lixões da Paraíba |
spellingShingle |
Conversão térmica dos resíduos urbanos como alternativa energética para o encerramento dos lixões da Paraíba Mélo, Sahyonara Estrela de Lacerda Hussein Resíduos sólidos urbanos Lixões Pirólise Energia renovável Paraíba Urban solid waste Dumps Pyrolysis Renewable energy CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS |
title_short |
Conversão térmica dos resíduos urbanos como alternativa energética para o encerramento dos lixões da Paraíba |
title_full |
Conversão térmica dos resíduos urbanos como alternativa energética para o encerramento dos lixões da Paraíba |
title_fullStr |
Conversão térmica dos resíduos urbanos como alternativa energética para o encerramento dos lixões da Paraíba |
title_full_unstemmed |
Conversão térmica dos resíduos urbanos como alternativa energética para o encerramento dos lixões da Paraíba |
title_sort |
Conversão térmica dos resíduos urbanos como alternativa energética para o encerramento dos lixões da Paraíba |
author |
Mélo, Sahyonara Estrela de Lacerda Hussein |
author_facet |
Mélo, Sahyonara Estrela de Lacerda Hussein |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Andersen, Silvia Layara Floriani http://lattes.cnpq.br/2031930949755065 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Mélo, Sahyonara Estrela de Lacerda Hussein |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Resíduos sólidos urbanos Lixões Pirólise Energia renovável Paraíba Urban solid waste Dumps Pyrolysis Renewable energy CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS |
topic |
Resíduos sólidos urbanos Lixões Pirólise Energia renovável Paraíba Urban solid waste Dumps Pyrolysis Renewable energy CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS |
description |
Currently, Brazil has been going through a great challenge, the closure of open-air dumps and their environmentally appropriate destination. In 2020, 79 million tons of waste were generated, with 29.5 million tons of urban solid waste (MSW) ending up in landfills or controlled landfills, which do not have a set of systems and measures necessary to protect the environment. environment and people's health from damage and degradation. In this circumstance, it becomes urgent to search for alternatives to minimize urban solid waste in the world. Municipalities in the state of Paraíba have been facing difficulties in closing activities in dumps, given the large volume of waste deposited and few financial resources to invest in environmentally correct disposal. Many of these dumps are located close to places of human consumption, such as plantations and water resources. In the state of Paraíba, in the year 2018 to 2021, there was a growth of more than 550% of the municipalities that close the dumps, with 156 municipalities out of 223 properly destined. Several studies are carried out to improve the management of solid waste and new forms of treatment, having the energy reuse intrinsic to the minimization of pollution, the recovery of these wastes can come from a pyrolysis process, which has as products composed in the form of gas, liquid and/or solid, and which can be used as an energy source. The methodology used in the study was through the physical-chemical characterization obtained through immediate analysis, analysis of calorific value, X-Ray fluorescence (FRX) and thermogravimetric analysis. The MSW had a percentage of 10% of humidity, having influence by the way in which the material was found, whereas the RO (organic residues) had 71.11%. The result of the immediate analyzes showed that there is a large amount of compounds that can be devolatilized, in addition to that, the values obtained for the calorific value of RO were 20.13 MJ/kg and MSW in 17.82 MJ/kg, being comparable to traditional biomass fuels that have already been used for energy purposes. Through thermogravimetric analysis, it was noted that at 150 °C, moisture loss occurs, which corresponds to the drying process and at around 214 °C, thermal decomposition begins. From the results of the physicochemical characteristics, it is possible to analyze the viability of MSW in the pyrolysis process. Considering that urban solid waste is viable for the pyrolysis process, the authors suggest the microbiological conversion of organic waste. The pyrolysis of municipal waste is an alternative to reduce dependence on foreign energy sources and an incentive to move world consumption from fossil fuels to renewable energies. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of application of the pyrolysis process in the treatment of urban solid waste, aiming at the generation of renewable energy. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-12-16 2022-07-18T12:35:12Z 2022-02-02 2022-07-18T12:35:12Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23489 |
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https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23489 |
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por |
language |
por |
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Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/ |
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openAccess |
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Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Engenharia de Energias Renováveis Programa de Pós-Graduação em Energias Renováveis UFPB |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Engenharia de Energias Renováveis Programa de Pós-Graduação em Energias Renováveis UFPB |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) |
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