Estudo Termoanalítico, Cinético e Reológico de Biodiesel Derivado do Óleo de Algodão

• Autor(a) principal: Dantas, Hermesson Jales
• Data de Publicação: 2006
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/4578
• topic: Biodiesel; Óleo de algodão; Transesterificação; Cinética; Biodiesel; Transesterification and kinetic; CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ECOLOGIA

Most of the world energy consumption derives from oil, coal and natural gas. The shortage of the energy sources, especially the energy from fossil fuels, and moreover the impossibility of its renewal has motivated the development of technologies that allow for the usage of renewable energy sources. Biodiesel is biodegradable, renewable and it obeys the cycle of carbon. It is defined as a blend of mono-alkyl esters of fatty acids derived from renewable sources, as vegetable oils and animal fats. It is obtained by means of a transesterification process, in which takes place the transformation of triglycerides into smaller molecules of fatty acid esters, and it displays physical and chemical characteristics similar to the ones of a fossil fuel-derived diesel oil. This work presents the characterization of cottonseed biodiesel produced either by the methanol or ethanol routes. It was noticed that the methanol route presented a higher yield. The samples were characterized by gas chromatograph, infrared spectroscopy, 1H-NMR and thermal analysis. By means of infrared and NMR, it was possible to confirm the biodiesel formation. The gas chromatograph analyses pointed out to an oil conversion to biodiesel of 96.8% using the methanol route, whereas the ethanol route conversion was of 97.4%. The biodiesel obtained was in agreement with the standards of ANP, the Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum, Gas and Biodiesel. The raw cottonseed oil was stable up to 314 oC, the methanol biodiesel up to 127 oC and the ethyl biodiesel up to 122 oC. The initial decomposition temperature of the biodiesel was smaller than the one for cottonseed oil, close to the value of the petroleum-derived diesel oil, thus demonstrating the higher volatility of biodiesel. The thermogravimetric curves of the degraded samples suggested the formation of intermediary products. The rheological behavior of cottonseed biodiesel and its blends is close to the behavior of diesel oil, corroborating the importance of the usage of biodiesel as an alternative fuel