Desempenho, morfometria intestinal e microbiota cecal em codornas de corte alimentadas com glutamina associada ao ácido glutâmico e submetidas ou não a estresse térmico

• Autor(a) principal: Silva Junior, Paulo Antonio da
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/26148
• topic: Codornas europeias; Estresse ambiental; Glutamato; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA

The current study aimed to evaluate the performance, intestinal morphometry and cecal microbiota in meat type quails feed with glutamine (Gln) associated to glutamic acid (Glu) and submitted to thermal stress or not. For this, three experiments were carried out, the first one was carried out in the Coturniculture Sector of the CECA/UFAL, the second and third experiments in the Poultry Sector of CCHSA/UFPB. In the first experiment, we studied the effect of dietary supplementation of glutamine associated with glutamic acid on performance, intestinal morphology and quails carcass characteristics. Were used 800 non-sexed quails with one day old, and distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments (0.0; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 % of supplementation glutamine and glutamic acid), and eight replicates with 20 quails per experimental unity were used. In the analysis of data for performance, by Dunnett test, there was reduced (P <0.05) in feed intake of the birds at the levels of 0.6 and 0.8% of Gln + Glu, and less weight gain (P <0.05) at the 0.8% Gln+Glu level in the one to 21 day phase, compared to the control treatment; and, by regression analysis, excluding the control treatment, there was an increasing linear effect (P <0.05) for feed intake in stage 22 to 42 days of age. For intestinal morphometry, the Dunnett's test revealed a greater depth of duodenum crypt (P <0.05) at the level of 0.6% Gln+Glu; lower jejunal villus height (p <0.05) levels of 0.4; 0.6 and 0.8% Gln+Glu; lower jejunum crypt depth (P <0.05) levels of 0.2; 0.4; 0.6 and 0.8% Gln+Glu; and higher ileus villus height (P <0.05) at levels of 0.2; 0.6 and 0.8% Gln+Glu, all when compared to the control treatment; by regression analysis, excluding the control, it was observed quadratic effect (P <0.05) for the villus height and jejunum crypt depth and villus height of the ileum, whose respective minimum points were estimated 0 , 59; 0.58 and 0.51%. Carcass characteristics, cuts and edible offal of quails at 42 days were not affected (P> 0.05) by Gln + Glu supplementation levels. In the second and third experiments, the objective was to characterize the microbiota of meat type quails and elucidate the effect of 18 chronic heat stress and dietary glutamine (Gln) supplementation on glutamic acid (Glu) on microbial diversity. Two experiments, each with 320 cutting quails, were conducted in a completely randomized design with two thermal conditions in each experiment (comfort and cold (experiment 1); Comfort and heat (experiment 2)] and two diets (basal diet and diet supplemented with 0.2% Gln + Glu), with eight replicates and ten birds per experimental unit. At 21 and 42 days of age, six birds from each treatment of experiments 1 and 2, respectively, were slaughtered, collected and frozen at -80 ° C; Afterwards DNA extraction, sequencing and processing of the generated sequences were carried out. By means of the identification of the generated sequences, it was observed in both ages greater abundance of the Firmicutes phyla, followed by Bacteroidetes, which were constituted mainly by the genus Megamonas and Bacteroides, respectively. The statistical analysis did not find an effect (P> 0.05) of the thermal and dietary treatments on the diversity of the cecal microbiota of the quails. It is concluded that the supplementation of glutamine and glutamic acid does not improve the performance and carcass characteristics of cut quails, however, the supplementation of 0.2% of these amino acids favors the morphometric development of the ileum at 21 days of age. The cecal microbiota of meat type quails at 21 and 42 days of age is predominantly composed of Firmicutes, followed by Bacteroidetes; and the most abundant family in the quails cecum is Veillonellaceae, whose genus Megamonas represents more than 1/3 of the total colonizing bacteria. Chronic thermal stress and dietary supplementation of 0.2% Gln+Glu do not alter the microbiota diversity of cut quails ceca.