Contribuição à taxonomia e ao controle de qualidade do gênero brunfelsia l. (solanaceae): micromorfologia das epidermes, farmacobotânica foliar das espécies medicinais e revisão da etnomedicina

• Autor(a) principal: Felizardo , Nathalia Diniz Araújo
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/8805
• topic: Brunfelsia; Controle de Qualidade; Etnobotânica; Farmacobotânica; “Manacá”; Brunfelsia; Quality Control; Ethnobotany; Ethnodrug; Pharmacobotany; “Manacá”; CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::FARMACOLOGIA

Brunfelsia L., belonging to the Solanaceae family, has about 50 species of neotropical distribution. The genus is recognized for having species with importance etnomedicinal with important bioactive components and proven biological activities. In this work it was a study of micromorphology and anatomy of leaf epidermis of 25 species of Brunfelsia, as well as a study of leaf anatomy of six species used as medicinal, complemented by a review of the genus ethnomedicine. The study was conducted in order to contribute to the characterization and interspecific delimitation, in addition to supporting the quality control of the species of medicinal uses, and to make a review of the species and their ethnomedicinal uses that can support studies of natural products as a source of biologically active compounds. The anatomical analysis followed the usual techniques of anatomy to observations in optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Measures of the stomata were taken with the aid of ANATI QUANTI 2.0 program, and analyzed with the Test-T. It was observed that these species have a pattern of distribution of stomata hipostomatic type. Stomata anisocytic, anomocytic and paracytic occurs simultaneously in 14 species; stomata anisocytic and anomocytic were common to seven species; and B. guianensis, B. mire and B. rupestris occur stomata of paracytic and anomocytic types. The length of the stomata varied from 32,09±0,66 μm in B. plicata and 51,02 ±4,89 μm in B. rupestris. Epidermis with sinuous anticlinal walls on both surfaces were predominant, with the exception of B. densifolia and B. lactea presenting a straight to curved type in adaxial surface, and curved in abaxial surface, B. obovata, with curved anticlinal walls in adaxial surface and sinuous in abaxial surface, and B. rupestris which had straight anticlinal walls on both sufaces. The cuticles are differently ornamented and distinctive for 25 species. The striated pattern, highly diversified, was predominant, observed in at least one surface of the epidermis of 25 species. Simple trichomes, uniseriate, were common to all species, with variations in density, especially in B. brasiliensis, B. cuneifolia, B. pilosa and B. rupestris, with more compact indumento. In the six medicinal species, the dorsiventral mesophyll with palisade parenchyma 1-2 series was observed in B. grandiflora and B. uniflora, and uniseriate type in the other studied species; the midrib presented sclerenchyma in five species, except in B. americana; the morphology of the petiole characterized as plane-convex in B. mire and B. uniflora and concave-convex in the other species studied, with a central vascular bundle U-shaped and 2-6 accessory bundles. The morphology of the epidermis, types of stomata, cuticle ornamentation, and the density of trichomes were the main distinctive characters, which could support the taxonomy and the delimitation of the species studied, as well as the quality control of medicinal species. In addition, the morphology of mesophyll, midrib and petiole were distinctive characters to six medicinal species. The etnomedicinal review revealed that Brunfelsia is a genus known for its various ethnic and popular uses of different plant parts, especially roots, being the main uses registered for the treatment of rheumatism and arthritis. The most important chemical constituents isolated were coumarins and alkaloids. The main biological activities investigated were anti-inflammatory and central nervous system depressant. Although phytochemical and pharmacological studies have been conducted with species of the genus, only 12.8% of the species were studied evidenced the need for additional studies to species Brunfelsia.