Uma leitura política das Teses sobre a Filosofia da História de Walter Benjamin

• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Tales Sales da
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/5597
• topic: Messianismo; História; Walter Benjamin; Teoria crítica; Messianism; History; Walter Benjamin; Critical Theory; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIA

This dissertation analyzes the Theses on the Philosophy of History by Walter Benjamin. The first part is a historical contextualization about the main events that buoyed the 20th century and were decisive to the building up for this thinker. Thus, I have chosen the Third International Communist, the Russian Revolution, the Nazism and the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact for illustration of Benjamin´s intellectual and political life. The narrative starts with the imbroglio of the World War I which caused a great controversy in the Second International. The left wing of that made a furious opposition to the decision of supporting the war. The reason was raised that it was an imperialist and bourgeois struggle, who had no interest to the international proletariat. Therefore, the division became more acute and the pressure to overthrow the support increased. There were three main factors for the renewal of the International: World War I, the Zimmerwald Conference and the Russian Revolution. With the sewing with the support of the German left, Lenin, Trotsky, among others, led to the creation of the Third Communist International with a socialist political project instead of the old social democrat. The Russian Revolution can be considered a groundbreaking event in the history of the twentieth century. In the same vein, the German Revolution was even more striking for Walter Benjamin on the grounds of the geographical proximity. However, there was an intriguing twist of the political left with the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, which destroyed all hopes for the frankfurtian philosopher. The reading I made of the Theses on the philosophy of history was grounded in these events. As support for the comment, I used the Marxist method. Thesis by thesis, I developed the concepts of monad, redemption, messianic, history against the grain, in a highly political perspective.