Agressividade e violência em Hobbes e Rousseau : etologia, genes e ambiente.

• Autor(a) principal: Almeida, Hermano José Falcone de
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/5691
• topic: Filosofia; Hobbes; Rousseau; Agressividade; Violência; Biologia; Philosophy; Hobbes; Rousseau; Aggression; Violence; Biology; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIA

The primary objective of this study is to define aggression and violence in human beings. Studying aggression and violence philosophically demands a wide range of disciplines such as biology, sociology, and neuroscience as concepts migrating from the biological to the social aspect in order to achieve broad and deep knowledge of the theme. When relating to aggression, we focus on a biological, corporal, genetic and neurobiological dimension; while referring to violence, we address to an exclusively human dimension concerning the language, culture, and society symbols. The study was based on the researcher´s career as a juvenile psychiatrist and his everyday professional experiences with cases involving violence, bullying, psychological and sexual harassment which have affected individuals at that age. Philosophy and other sciences were taken as resources to help to get answers to the following questions: are aggression and violence part of human nature or human condition, or are they historical and social construction? Is there human nature biologically determined? Is it product of human sociogenesis? This is a bibliographic research starting with thoughts of philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes and Jean Jacques Rousseau to interact with biological sciences and then return to the two classics of the political philosophy attempting a further synthesis of the theme which incorporates the contributions of sciences. The study consisted of a critical, analytical and systematic reading of biological sciences focusing on etiology, genetics, and neuropsychiatry. The research aims to define and sort out concepts of violence and aggression by counting on the contribution of social sciences as well as some currents of psychoanalysis. It was guided by a mediation between two opposing trends: on the one hand, tending to adopt both concepts; on the other hand, tending to neglect biological conditionings and accept socialization as the only factor leading to violence. According to this perspective, we migrate between philosophy and science with empirical views that highlight the contribution of biology and neuropsychiatry to the study. The purpose of the study is to point out ways and sort out concepts not very well defined in order to determine what is essentially human in the scope of violence and aggression. The study is not expected to give determined answers, but it is believed to have made the topic clear, supporting the thesis that violence is part of human sociogenesis and that it is exclusive to human species and not entirely determined by biological factors, being possibly controlled and administered by the society. Aggression, in turn, is part of our biological inheritance, and its main function is the species survival. Violence is a human product that comprises the society. It has positive aspects as it limits and develops social cohesion; it has negative aspects as it causes human exploitation, generates inequality, and leads to physical and psychological damages restricting freedom. As human production, violence can be both the cause of social problems and their solution.