Promovendo matéria escura leve em cosmologia não-padrão
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22396 |
Resumo: | Dark Matter (DM) is one of the main enigmas of our time. Evidence of its existence in our universe has been observed for decades and there are several theories that try to explain it. The one that assumes DM being composed of particles is the one that currently has the greatest credibility in agreeing with the experimental bounds. However, the Standard Model of Particle (SM) does not have any candidate that satisfies the characteristics of DM, which are: being stable, electrically neutral, cold or warm and non-baryonic. Given the above, the need arose to go beyond the SM and extend it. There are several SM extensions can provide DM candidates with different properties (mass and interactions). However, the class of WIMPs triumphed as candidates for DM, since they respect experimental bounds while their interaction is of order of the electroweak, which make them experimentally accessible. It is noteworthy that the fact that WIMPs interact weakly requires them to be heavy, with mass grossly greater than O(10 GeV), in order to be sufficiently abundant. However, despite the success of WIMPs, so far no signs of these particles have been found in the experiments, and more recent works has shown that cold dark matter, such as WIMPs, can negatively affect the period of structure formation. As a possible solution to the WIMPs problem, we will, in this dissertation, present a mechanism that enables the existence of light dark matter, with mass O(2 keV). An DM with this mass tends to be naturally hot and over-produced, when produced via freeze-out, not respecting the experimental bounds. However, we will demonstrate that if the early universe was dominated by an period of matter followed by a considerable increase in entropy, then light DM has its abundance diluted and becomes warm. Additionally, we will show evidence that this type of DM can solve the problems in the period of structure formation related to cold DM. Finally, we will apply such a mechanism to an extension of SM in which the lighter right-hand neutrino is the dark matter candidate. |
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Promovendo matéria escura leve em cosmologia não-padrãoMatéria escuraNeutrinos de majoranaAbundância relíquiaMecanismo de diluiçãoCosmologia não-padrãoDark matterMajorana neutrinosRelic abundanceDilution mechanismNon-standard cosmologyCNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::FISICADark Matter (DM) is one of the main enigmas of our time. Evidence of its existence in our universe has been observed for decades and there are several theories that try to explain it. The one that assumes DM being composed of particles is the one that currently has the greatest credibility in agreeing with the experimental bounds. However, the Standard Model of Particle (SM) does not have any candidate that satisfies the characteristics of DM, which are: being stable, electrically neutral, cold or warm and non-baryonic. Given the above, the need arose to go beyond the SM and extend it. There are several SM extensions can provide DM candidates with different properties (mass and interactions). However, the class of WIMPs triumphed as candidates for DM, since they respect experimental bounds while their interaction is of order of the electroweak, which make them experimentally accessible. It is noteworthy that the fact that WIMPs interact weakly requires them to be heavy, with mass grossly greater than O(10 GeV), in order to be sufficiently abundant. However, despite the success of WIMPs, so far no signs of these particles have been found in the experiments, and more recent works has shown that cold dark matter, such as WIMPs, can negatively affect the period of structure formation. As a possible solution to the WIMPs problem, we will, in this dissertation, present a mechanism that enables the existence of light dark matter, with mass O(2 keV). An DM with this mass tends to be naturally hot and over-produced, when produced via freeze-out, not respecting the experimental bounds. However, we will demonstrate that if the early universe was dominated by an period of matter followed by a considerable increase in entropy, then light DM has its abundance diluted and becomes warm. Additionally, we will show evidence that this type of DM can solve the problems in the period of structure formation related to cold DM. Finally, we will apply such a mechanism to an extension of SM in which the lighter right-hand neutrino is the dark matter candidate.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPqA Matéria Escura (ME) é um dos principais enigmas da atualidade. Indícios da sua existência no nosso universo vêm sendo observados há décadas e várias são as teorias que tentam explicá-la. A proposta que assume a ME sendo composta por partículas é a que atualmente possui maior credibilidade ao concordar com os vínculos experimentais. Entretanto, o Modelo Padrão das Partículas Elementares (MP) não possui nenhum candidato que satisfaça as características da ME, as quais são: ser estável, eletricamente neutra, fria ou morna e não-bariônica. Diante do exposto, surge a necessidade de irmos além do MP e estendê-lo. Há muitas extensões do MP que podem fornecer candidatos a ME com diferentes propriedades (massa e interação). Contudo, a classe das WIMPs triunfaram como candidatos a ME, uma vez que elas respeitam os vínculos experimentais ao mesmo tempo em que sua interação é da escala da eletrofraca, o que as tornam experimentalmente acessíveis. Vale ressaltar que, o fato das WIMPs interagirem fracamente exige que elas sejam pesadas, com massa grosseiramente maior que O(10 GeV), a fim de serem suficientemente abundantes. Porém, apesar do sucesso das WIMPs, até o presente momento nenhum sinal dessas partículas foi encontrado nos experimentos. Além do mais, trabalhos mais recentes mostram que uma matéria escura fria, como as WIMPs, pode afetar negativamente o período de formação de estrutura. Como uma possível solução à problemática das WIMPs iremos, nesta dissertação, apresentar um mecanismo que viabiliza a existência da matéria escura leve, com massa O(2 keV). Uma ME com essa massa tende a ser naturalmente quente e super-produzida, quando produzida via freeze-out, não respeitando os vínculos experimentais. Todavia, demonstraremos que se o universo primordial foi dominado por uma era de matéria seguido por um aumento considerável da entropia, logo a ME leve tem sua abundância diluída e se torna morna. Adicionalmente, mostraremos evidências de que este tipo de ME pode solucionar os problemas no período de formação de estrutura relacionados a ME fria. Finalmente, aplicaremos tal mecanismo a uma extensão do MP no qual o neutrino de mão direita mais leve é o candidato a matéria escura.Universidade Federal da ParaíbaBrasilFísicaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em FísicaUFPBPires, Carlos Antônio de Sousahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7768163469697986Oliveira, Vinícius Luiz Barbosa2022-03-18T17:37:14Z2021-08-242022-03-18T17:37:14Z2021-07-27info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesishttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22396porAttribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPBinstname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)instacron:UFPB2022-04-12T13:04:45Zoai:repositorio.ufpb.br:123456789/22396Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/PUBhttp://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/oai/requestdiretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.bropendoar:2022-04-12T13:04:45Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Promovendo matéria escura leve em cosmologia não-padrão |
title |
Promovendo matéria escura leve em cosmologia não-padrão |
spellingShingle |
Promovendo matéria escura leve em cosmologia não-padrão Oliveira, Vinícius Luiz Barbosa Matéria escura Neutrinos de majorana Abundância relíquia Mecanismo de diluição Cosmologia não-padrão Dark matter Majorana neutrinos Relic abundance Dilution mechanism Non-standard cosmology CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::FISICA |
title_short |
Promovendo matéria escura leve em cosmologia não-padrão |
title_full |
Promovendo matéria escura leve em cosmologia não-padrão |
title_fullStr |
Promovendo matéria escura leve em cosmologia não-padrão |
title_full_unstemmed |
Promovendo matéria escura leve em cosmologia não-padrão |
title_sort |
Promovendo matéria escura leve em cosmologia não-padrão |
author |
Oliveira, Vinícius Luiz Barbosa |
author_facet |
Oliveira, Vinícius Luiz Barbosa |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Pires, Carlos Antônio de Sousa http://lattes.cnpq.br/7768163469697986 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Oliveira, Vinícius Luiz Barbosa |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Matéria escura Neutrinos de majorana Abundância relíquia Mecanismo de diluição Cosmologia não-padrão Dark matter Majorana neutrinos Relic abundance Dilution mechanism Non-standard cosmology CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::FISICA |
topic |
Matéria escura Neutrinos de majorana Abundância relíquia Mecanismo de diluição Cosmologia não-padrão Dark matter Majorana neutrinos Relic abundance Dilution mechanism Non-standard cosmology CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::FISICA |
description |
Dark Matter (DM) is one of the main enigmas of our time. Evidence of its existence in our universe has been observed for decades and there are several theories that try to explain it. The one that assumes DM being composed of particles is the one that currently has the greatest credibility in agreeing with the experimental bounds. However, the Standard Model of Particle (SM) does not have any candidate that satisfies the characteristics of DM, which are: being stable, electrically neutral, cold or warm and non-baryonic. Given the above, the need arose to go beyond the SM and extend it. There are several SM extensions can provide DM candidates with different properties (mass and interactions). However, the class of WIMPs triumphed as candidates for DM, since they respect experimental bounds while their interaction is of order of the electroweak, which make them experimentally accessible. It is noteworthy that the fact that WIMPs interact weakly requires them to be heavy, with mass grossly greater than O(10 GeV), in order to be sufficiently abundant. However, despite the success of WIMPs, so far no signs of these particles have been found in the experiments, and more recent works has shown that cold dark matter, such as WIMPs, can negatively affect the period of structure formation. As a possible solution to the WIMPs problem, we will, in this dissertation, present a mechanism that enables the existence of light dark matter, with mass O(2 keV). An DM with this mass tends to be naturally hot and over-produced, when produced via freeze-out, not respecting the experimental bounds. However, we will demonstrate that if the early universe was dominated by an period of matter followed by a considerable increase in entropy, then light DM has its abundance diluted and becomes warm. Additionally, we will show evidence that this type of DM can solve the problems in the period of structure formation related to cold DM. Finally, we will apply such a mechanism to an extension of SM in which the lighter right-hand neutrino is the dark matter candidate. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-08-24 2021-07-27 2022-03-18T17:37:14Z 2022-03-18T17:37:14Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22396 |
url |
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22396 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/br/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Física Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física UFPB |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Física Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física UFPB |
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reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB instname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) instacron:UFPB |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) |
instacron_str |
UFPB |
institution |
UFPB |
reponame_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
collection |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
diretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.br |
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1801842989665878016 |