Tolerância à violência policial como expressão da discriminação

• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Khalil da Costa
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/19858
• topic: Discriminação; Crença no mundo justo; Percepção de ameaça; Autoritarismo de direita; Desumanização; Discrimination; Belief in a just world; Threat perception; Right-wing authoritarianism; Dehumanization; Discriminación; Creencia en el mundo justo; Percepción de amenaza; Autoritarismo de derechas; Deshumanización; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA

This thesis aim to analyze which psychosocial factors are capable of favoring and legitimizing the relationship between the offender's group membership and tolerance for police violence. Experimental studies were conducted in Brazil and Spain which contribute in an integrated way to achieving the general objective. All the studies were guided by theoretical assumptions from the perspective of intergroup relations (Tajfel, 1981) and articulate the intergroup and ideological levels of analysis (Doise, 2002), since they assume the following aspects: 1) tolerance for the use of police violence is influenced by the structure of the relations between dominant groups and minority groups, and (2) relationships established between groups are moderated by beliefs about the social order that legitimize discriminatory behavior. The thesis is structured in three scientific articles. The first article consists of research conducted in Brazil. In the Brazilian context, discrimination against black people is analyzed based on tolerance for police violence, support for lowering the age of criminal responsibility, and support for the payment of compensation by the police to teenage offenders. Three studies were conducted, all with university students and high school students. In Study 1 (N = 118), the influence of the type of crime (robbery versus drug trafficking) and the target of criminal action (identifiable versus unidentifiable) on the variables studied were analyzed. Study 2 (N = 343) examined the effect of the relationship between the type of crime (robbery versus drug trafficking), the target of criminal action (identifiable versus unidentifiable), and the teenage offender's race (white versus black) on discrimination. Study 3 (N = 316) replicated Study 2 by adding belief in a just world as a moderator of discrimination. Together, the results indicate racial discrimination through a greater tolerance for police violence and support for lowering the age of criminal responsibility for crimes committed vii by black teenagers. Another finding was a greater support for the payment of compensation by the police to the teenage offender when crimes are committed by white teenagers. High levels of adherence to belief in a just world accentuate racial discrimination. The second article presents two experimental studies conducted in Spain. In this context, It was investigated discrimination against suspected Islamic terrorists based on tolerance for the use of torture against these groups. Study 1 (N= 282) analyzed the influence of the nationality of the victims of terrorist crimes (Spanish versus unidentified nationality) and the nationality of torturers (Spanish versus Egyptian police) on tolerance for torture against suspects of Islamic terrorism and support for the payment of compensation by the torturers to the suspects. Study 2 (N= 165) analyzed the interaction among the nationality of the victims of terrorist crimes (Spanish versus unidentified nationality) and Perceived Threat (Realistic and Symbolic) as moderators on the relationship between RWA and discrimination. The results of Study 1 indicated that support for the use of torture against Islamic terrorists was greater when the victims of terrorist acts and the torturers belonged to the ingroup (Spaniards). Furthermore, Study 2 indicated that both the perception that the endogroup is a victim of terrorist actions and the perceived realistic and symbolic threat by the outgroup favor support for the use of torture against Islamic groups suspected of terrorist actions, regardless of the participants levels of adherence to RWA. The third article is composed by two experimental studies also carried out in Spain. In this investigation, it was analyzed the mediating role of dehumanization in the relationship between terrorist threat and tolerance for the use of police violence against suspected Islamic terrorism, with tolerance for violence measured within a continuum of justice procedure, which varies from the retributive aspect (punishment) to the restorative (rehabilitation).Study 1 (N = 215) showed that the terrorist threat against the ingroup (Spaniards) raises the support for the retributive procedures of justice through the viii dehumanization of the suspect of Islamic terrorism (exogroup), which in turn results in greater tolerance for the use of violence against it. Study 2 (N = 304) analyzed how Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) moderates the relationship identified in the previous study. It was revealed that a greater adherence to the RWA favors the dehumanization of the exogroup member, regardless of whether the terrorist threat is directed at the ingroup. In summary, the results indicated that dehumanization is the underlying mechanism for supporting different justice mechanisms and that adherence to the RWA favors the expression of this phenomenon.