Produção, fenologia e qualidade dos frutos de Butia capitata em populações de Santa Vitória do Palmar

• Autor(a) principal: Schwartz, Elisane
• Data de Publicação: 2008
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFPel - Guaiaca
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2117
• topic: Arecaceae; Butiazeiro; Colheita; Floração; Frutificação; Fitoquímicos; Pindo palm; Harvest; Flowering; Fruiting; Fitochemicals; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA

The species of Arecaceae family show great economic importance. They are commercially explored for production of oils, starches, palm heart, waxes and fibers, as well as source of food. Butia capitata produces edible fruits with a good potential in pulp exploration, what can be natural consummated or processed as ice-cream, juice, liqueur and jellies. There has been little research on this specie, facing a large challenge of finding and improving the access with great potential economic. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the phenology and characters related to production and furthermore, the physic-chemical and functional attributes of the fruits of the different populations, seeking the best characteristics to commercial exploration. Experiments were carried out in the city of Santa Vitória do Palmar. The data used in the first article were taken from two seasons (2005/06 and 2006/07) and from three different populations of butia trees, by using six trees each and 50 fruits from each bunch produced. The second article was divided into two experiments. In the first one it was randomly selected ten butia tree genotypes and assessed characteristics of inflorescence. Therefore, each inflorescence was divided into basal, medium and apical region, and assessed eight rachillae of each region. In the second experiment, it was randomly selected six adult individuals of each of the four butia tree populations, what were regularly assessed for data collection during the two seasons. Data from the third article were collected by sampling fruits of the four populations, with six different genotypes in each population; it was verified the possible differences among populations and genotypes in each population. It was verified that populations of Butia capitata show variability for length of cycle, fruit epidermis color, juice volume, relationship between total soluble solids and total titratable acid, biometric characteristics of fruit and annual yield. One of the three assessed populations is pointed out in regard to annual yield and industrial income. Two of these populations show better biometric characteristics of the fruit. The other population shows best relationship between total soluble solids and total titratable acid. The flowering period of the butia tree occurs from November to March, reaching the peak in the first two weeks of January; and the harvest time from February to June, reaching the peak during March. One of the populations was late harvest. There are differences among genotypes considering the three inflorescence regions, for the characteristics of number of male and female flowers, relationship between male and female flowers and length of the rachillae. For most genotypes the basal part of the inflorescence is that shows the highest amount of female flowers. There is an average of 14.84 male flowers for each female flower. It was found an average value of 90.21% at studying the percentage of bunch that effectively achieved the maturation point. In each population there is genetic variability among the individuals for amount of total carotenoids and L-ascorbic acid. The average contents of ß- carotene and L-ascorbic acid in butia are 24.23μg. g-1 and 39.13mg.100g-1, respectively.