Qualidade e maturação de frutas avaliada através de métodos não destrutivos

• Autor(a) principal: Betemps, Débora Leitzke
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFPel - Guaiaca
• Texto Completo: http://guaiaca.ufpel.edu.br/handle/123456789/2103
• topic: Esctroscopia VIS/NIR; Infravermelho próximo; Fluorescência; Parâmetros de qualidade; Spectroscopy VIS/NIR; Near infrared; Fluorescence; Parameters of quality; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA

Currently consumers are not focused only on the external characteristics of the fruits, as color and size, the internal characteristics such as sugar content and the presence of antioxidant compounds acquires a greater importance in purchasing decisions. The measurement of these parameters is usually done by traditional analysis that presented as main characteristic the sample destruction, beyond being held in a limited number of fruits, normally not representative of the lot or orchard. The optical methods based in visible spectroscopy techniques (Vis) and near-infrared (NIR), as the chlorophyll fluorescence are pointed as a solution of the classic evaluation methods, allowing to assess several components at the same time, without the sample destruction. This study aimed to use the spectroscopy Vis/NIR and the chlorophyll fluorescence as non destructive methods to evaluate quality parameters in peaches, mangos and apples. In peaches it was used the NIR-Case equipment to establish models of calibration for estimating parameters of soluble solids (SS) and flesh firmness for the cultivars Chimarrita, Maciel, Eldorado and Jubileu for two years in a row, being in the second year, it was also evaluated the effect of harvesting time on the calibration models. From the obtained results it can be infer that the attribute soluble solids the calibrations models presented coefficient of determination values acceptable and appropriate to predict the future behavior of the samples in two consecutive years. For flesh firmness only the models developed for the cultivars Jubileu and Eldorado were considered satisfactory, requiring for the others cultivars, new setting for future harvests. The calibration models presented different results over the harvest dates, being the best fits occur in the end of the harvest, fact observed in all peaches cultivars. In mangoes of the cultivar Tommy Atkins and in peaches of the cultivars Eldorado and Jubileu the use of this technique for the separation of fruits in categories according to their maturation stage and monitoring directly from the field using a portable spectrophotometer (DA-meter®) that emits two 9 light signals of wavelength 570 and 720 nm and provides an indes (DA), which correlates with the content of chlorophyll in the peel of the fruit. Through these studies it was conclude that, with the index DA it is possible to separate the mangoes fruits in categories according the maturation degree as well monitor the maturation of the peaches directly from the field, and the relations between these index and quality parameters determinate through the coefficients of determination (R2) were satisfactory. In apples of the cultivars Fuji, Granny Smith and Golden Delicious it was used a sensor based on the technique of chlorophyll fluorescence for the estimation of chlorophyll, anthocyanins and flavonoids present in the skin of the fruit. In general, sides with greater sunlight exposure have higher rates of anthocyanins and flavonois and lower chlorophyll. The correlations between the non-destructive index and the real content of these pigments in the apple skin show the existence of significant correlations the two methods proposed. A negative correlation was found between soluble solids in apples and the chlorophyll fluorescence (CHL) in the far red spectrum. The results also indicate that a single multiparameter sensor of a fluorescence base can provide quality and maturity indices of apples in a nondestructively way. Thus, after the execution of the study, it can be conclude that different methods and technologies have potential for non-destructive evaluation of fruit quality parameters.