Etnobotânica e caracterização molecular de Butia sp.

• Autor(a) principal: Büttow, Miriam Valli
• Data de Publicação: 2008
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFPel - Guaiaca
• Texto Completo: http://guaiaca.ufpel.edu.br/handle/123456789/2079
• topic: Conhecimento tradicional; Recursos genéticos; Marcadores moleculares; AFLP; Arecaceae; Traditional knowledge; Genetic resources; Molecular markers; AFLP; Arecaceae; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA

Palms (Arecaceae) are considered to be one of the most important plant resources. These plants are sources of food, fiber, building material, medicine and other products. Due its exuberance they are also used in landscaping projects. Brazil presents great diversity of palms. In Rio Grande do Sul State there are six genera, of which the most known is Butia genus for the reason that they have fruits with unique flavor and aroma. Butia palms are quite known and used mainly by rural communities. There are few references on genetic diversity and other scientific issues related to species use and conservation. On the same way, there is no currently knowledge about uses of this plant by local communities as well as on their real potential for use. Two studies were developed with the goal of contributing to knowledge related to genetic resources of Butia genus palm trees native from Rio Grande do Sul State: first, an ethnobotanical survey of rural communities knowledge about fruits and leaves uses, management and care related to these plants; second: a molecular characterization of Butia capitata plants in eight populations from three regions in Rio Grande do Sul State by AFLP molecular markers. The results of ethnobotanical survey shows a strong relationship between people and plants studied. It was verified use of Butia fruits in various types of food and beverages production (sweets, ice cream, chocolates and desserts) and handicrafts (recycled paper from fruit pulp and utilitarian objects from leaves fibers). Besides, data for plant management, like seed germination process, pruning, transplanting and methods that could increase productivity were obtained. With presence and absence data from four primer combinations, 199 polymorphic loci were found. Molecular markers were evaluated by AMOVA. Thus, it was possible to verify that 83.68% of genetic variability is attributed to variation between populations and 13.67% is attributed to differences between populations within regions. We conducted an AMOVA pair-wise analysis among eight populations. From a total of 28 comparisons, 15 populations shows significant differences, with an average of 14.72% molecular variation attributed to differences among populations, indicating the presence of genetic variability. The results obtained through this analysis indicate that AFLP molecular markers were effective for genetic divergence analysis. These studies helped to increase the existing knowledge about this genetic resource.