Avaliação da habilidade materna e eficiência reprodutiva de vacas de corte de diferentes composições raciais

• Autor(a) principal: Rodrigues, Pedro Faraco
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFPel - Guaiaca
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2605
• topic: Bovinos de corte; Cruzamento; Curva de lactação; Fertilidade real; Intervalo de partos; Produção leiteira; Bovinos de corte; Cruzamento; Curva de lactação; Fertilidade real; Intervalo de partos; Produção leiteira; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA

The objective of this study was to evaluate the maternal ability and reproductive performance of beef cows of different breed compositions. A total of 67 cows of four genotypes: Angus (ANAN), Angus x Caracu (ANCR), Angus x Hereford (ANHH) and Angus x Nellore (ANNE), crossed with bulls Brangus (BN) or Braford (BO), were evaluated under extensive conditions in southern Brazil. The cows milk production was evaluated using two methodologies, indirectly by weighing calves before and after suckling (PMP) and by direct mechanical milking (OM). The lactation curve was estimated by a nonlinear equation with scale parameter 'a' and shape parameter 'k' and compared the following traits of this curve: peak production (PP), the peak week (PS), total production (PT210) and lactation persistency (PERS). Estimates of these parameters obtained by PMP were significantly different (P <0.05) sire breed (RT) factor, where the results of PP, PS, and PT210 were higher for cows crossed with BN, which can be partly due to the suckling behavior of calves. On the other hand, the OM evaluation was influenced by all studied factors except RT; as for the breed composition, ANNE cows were superior for PT210 (1053.8kg vs. 901.39, 667.16 and 782.61kg for ANCR, ANHH and ANAN, respectively) for PP did not differ from ANCR (7.33 and 6.33kg, respectively). The technique of OM was considered more accurate because it presented less dispersion of values, greater statistical power and greater correlation of the PT210 with calf weight at weaning (PD), which was 0.74, while this was 0.43 for PMP. Milk composition was influenced by the genotype, and ANNE and ANCR cows yielded more nutritious milk in fat (3.79 and 3.78%) and protein (3.12 and 3.16%) content, nutrients which over the course of lactation become more concentrated, while lactose content decreased proportionally to production. As for production traits, calving during september, october and november were more favorable due to better forage supply, resulting in superior calf weight adjusted for 205 days (P205) (181.2, 181.8 and 183.1 kg, respectively), true fertility (FR) (176.3, 168.1 and 170.1 kg, respectively) and individual cow efficiency (EI) (49.7, 45.2 and 41.4%, respectively), while calving in December resulted in 148.8 and 129.7 kg of P205 and FR, respectively, and 30.9% of EI. With respect to calving interval (IP), calving in november and december had lower IP (388.9 and 373.3 days, respectively) compared with september (442.1 days) and october (440.4 days), due fixed breeding season. Cows ANCR and ANNE showed higher FR (181.3 and 173.3 kg) and P205 (193 and 184.8 kg) compared with the respective ANHH and ANAN values of 152.2 and 137.4 and 163.3 kg and 153 .7 kg. Cows ANAN even weaning calves with P205 had an EI of 42.2% equal to that of ANNE and ANCR (44.9 and 44.4%) due to lower weight of ANAN cows at weaning (PVD). From the results it is clear that the crossbreeding between breeds generates gains in both reproductive and productive efficiency, proving to be an alternative to increasing productivity in beef cattle cow-calf operations.