Investigating the role of circulating microRNAs in human immunodeficiency virus infection: friends or foes?

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Hsieh, Priscila Garcia
Data de Publicação: 2021
Outros Autores: Siqueira, Laurita Cardoso, Zilly, Adriana, Assolini, João Paulo, da Silva, Aline Preve, Cezar-dos-Santos, Fernando
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Clinical and Biomedical Research
Texto Completo: https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/hcpa/article/view/102486
Resumo: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Aids), still affects millions of people worldwide. Despite recent advances in the understanding of biological mechanisms of viral replication, there are relevant gaps in the understanding of the virus-host relationship. Unraveling these gaps may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies and the establishment of new biomarkers useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of the infection and its comorbidities. Research has been carried out with a focus on decoding gene regulation and silencing processes. Among these, microRNAs (miRNAs) stand out, small non-coding sequences responsible for mediating several cellular processes. They are found primarily in the cytoplasm but may be exported and found circulating and measured in blood samples. These studies have shown the role of miRNAs as biomarkers in different diseases, particularly in viral infections. They are expressed in T cells, cells that play an essential role in orchestrating an efficient antiviral response, and are the target of HIV infection. Therefore, in this study we discuss the main biological characteristics of miRNAs and the potential use of these nucleic acids in their free, circulating form, as indicators of risk or protection against HIV infection.
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spelling Investigating the role of circulating microRNAs in human immunodeficiency virus infection: friends or foes?Investigating the role of circulating microRNAs in human immunodeficiency virus infection: friends or foes?MicroRNAsHIVbiomarkerscirculating miRNAMicroRNAsHIV BiomarkersCirculating miRNA.Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Aids), still affects millions of people worldwide. Despite recent advances in the understanding of biological mechanisms of viral replication, there are relevant gaps in the understanding of the virus-host relationship. Unraveling these gaps may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies and the establishment of new biomarkers useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of the infection and its comorbidities. Research has been carried out with a focus on decoding gene regulation and silencing processes. Among these, microRNAs (miRNAs) stand out, small non-coding sequences responsible for mediating several cellular processes. They are found primarily in the cytoplasm but may be exported and found circulating and measured in blood samples. These studies have shown the role of miRNAs as biomarkers in different diseases, particularly in viral infections. They are expressed in T cells, cells that play an essential role in orchestrating an efficient antiviral response, and are the target of HIV infection. Therefore, in this study we discuss the main biological characteristics of miRNAs and the potential use of these nucleic acids in their free, circulating form, as indicators of risk or protection against HIV infection.Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, still affects millions of people worldwide. Despite recent advances in the understanding of biological mechanisms of viral replication, there are relevant gaps regarding the virus-host relationship. Unraveling these complexities may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies and the establishment of new biomarkers useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of infection and its comorbidities. Therefore, in this study we discuss the main biological characteristics of microRNAs and the potential use of these nucleic acids in their free circulating form as indicators of risk or protection against HIV infection. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was carried out in the following databases through keyword and/or health descriptor searches: i) Google Scholar; ii) CAPES periodicals portal; iii) United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and iv) Elsevier’s Science Direct library. The keywords “microRNA; HIV infection; circulating microRNA; biomarkers” were used to search the databases as mentioned above. Results: Circulating microRNAs (ci-miRNA) are closely related to numerous processes in the HIV infection pathophysiology. They are involved in viral latency, increased viremia, hepatic injury, heart dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, immune response impairment, and participate in Kaposi’s sarcoma pathology. Additionally, these molecules may indicate protection in elite controllers, reduce viral replication and load, and be useful markers of the infection’s eclipse phase. Conclusion: Ci-miRNA levels are altered levels in individuals with HIV, playing a dual role in infection. Advances in research have shown that ci-miRNAs could differentiate stages of HIV infection and diseases associated with a viral infection and serve as biomarkers for antiretroviral therapy’s effectiveness through changes in their expression.HCPA/FAMED/UFRGS2021-02-03info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionPeer-reviewed ArticleAvaliados por Paresapplication/pdfhttps://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/hcpa/article/view/102486Clinical & Biomedical Research; Vol. 40 No. 2 (2020): Clinical and Biomedical ResearchClinical and Biomedical Research; v. 40 n. 2 (2020): Clinical and Biomedical Research2357-9730reponame:Clinical and Biomedical Researchinstname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)instacron:UFRGSenghttps://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/hcpa/article/view/102486/pdfCopyright (c) 2021 Clinical and Biomedical Researchinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessHsieh, Priscila GarciaSiqueira, Laurita CardosoZilly, AdrianaAssolini, João Pauloda Silva, Aline PreveCezar-dos-Santos, Fernando2024-01-19T14:21:14Zoai:seer.ufrgs.br:article/102486Revistahttps://www.seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/hcpaPUBhttps://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/hcpa/oai||cbr@hcpa.edu.br2357-97302357-9730opendoar:2024-01-19T14:21:14Clinical and Biomedical Research - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Investigating the role of circulating microRNAs in human immunodeficiency virus infection: friends or foes?
Investigating the role of circulating microRNAs in human immunodeficiency virus infection: friends or foes?
title Investigating the role of circulating microRNAs in human immunodeficiency virus infection: friends or foes?
spellingShingle Investigating the role of circulating microRNAs in human immunodeficiency virus infection: friends or foes?
Hsieh, Priscila Garcia
MicroRNAs
HIV
biomarkers
circulating miRNA
MicroRNAs
HIV Biomarkers
Circulating miRNA.
title_short Investigating the role of circulating microRNAs in human immunodeficiency virus infection: friends or foes?
title_full Investigating the role of circulating microRNAs in human immunodeficiency virus infection: friends or foes?
title_fullStr Investigating the role of circulating microRNAs in human immunodeficiency virus infection: friends or foes?
title_full_unstemmed Investigating the role of circulating microRNAs in human immunodeficiency virus infection: friends or foes?
title_sort Investigating the role of circulating microRNAs in human immunodeficiency virus infection: friends or foes?
author Hsieh, Priscila Garcia
author_facet Hsieh, Priscila Garcia
Siqueira, Laurita Cardoso
Zilly, Adriana
Assolini, João Paulo
da Silva, Aline Preve
Cezar-dos-Santos, Fernando
author_role author
author2 Siqueira, Laurita Cardoso
Zilly, Adriana
Assolini, João Paulo
da Silva, Aline Preve
Cezar-dos-Santos, Fernando
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Hsieh, Priscila Garcia
Siqueira, Laurita Cardoso
Zilly, Adriana
Assolini, João Paulo
da Silva, Aline Preve
Cezar-dos-Santos, Fernando
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv MicroRNAs
HIV
biomarkers
circulating miRNA
MicroRNAs
HIV Biomarkers
Circulating miRNA.
topic MicroRNAs
HIV
biomarkers
circulating miRNA
MicroRNAs
HIV Biomarkers
Circulating miRNA.
description Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Aids), still affects millions of people worldwide. Despite recent advances in the understanding of biological mechanisms of viral replication, there are relevant gaps in the understanding of the virus-host relationship. Unraveling these gaps may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies and the establishment of new biomarkers useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of the infection and its comorbidities. Research has been carried out with a focus on decoding gene regulation and silencing processes. Among these, microRNAs (miRNAs) stand out, small non-coding sequences responsible for mediating several cellular processes. They are found primarily in the cytoplasm but may be exported and found circulating and measured in blood samples. These studies have shown the role of miRNAs as biomarkers in different diseases, particularly in viral infections. They are expressed in T cells, cells that play an essential role in orchestrating an efficient antiviral response, and are the target of HIV infection. Therefore, in this study we discuss the main biological characteristics of miRNAs and the potential use of these nucleic acids in their free, circulating form, as indicators of risk or protection against HIV infection.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2021-02-03
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Peer-reviewed Article
Avaliados por Pares
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/hcpa/article/view/102486
url https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/hcpa/article/view/102486
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/hcpa/article/view/102486/pdf
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Copyright (c) 2021 Clinical and Biomedical Research
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Copyright (c) 2021 Clinical and Biomedical Research
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv HCPA/FAMED/UFRGS
publisher.none.fl_str_mv HCPA/FAMED/UFRGS
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Clinical & Biomedical Research; Vol. 40 No. 2 (2020): Clinical and Biomedical Research
Clinical and Biomedical Research; v. 40 n. 2 (2020): Clinical and Biomedical Research
2357-9730
reponame:Clinical and Biomedical Research
instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
instacron:UFRGS
instname_str Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
instacron_str UFRGS
institution UFRGS
reponame_str Clinical and Biomedical Research
collection Clinical and Biomedical Research
repository.name.fl_str_mv Clinical and Biomedical Research - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv ||cbr@hcpa.edu.br
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