Merkel's mistakes in German foreign policy towards Russia

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Cunha Rael, Robson
Data de Publicação: 2023
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Conjuntura Austral
Texto Completo: https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/ConjunturaAustral/article/view/127738
Resumo: German foreign policy towards Moscow during Merkel's administration was criticized for failing to dissuade Russia from committing further aggression against Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to analyze the extent to which the German Chancellor was wrong in her foreign policy towards Russia, taking into account Ostpolitik (a West German state policy aimed at Eastern Europe), the interdependence between Germany and Russia in the energy sector (with the participation of natural gas companies from both countries) and the role of mediator played by Berlin in the Ukraine crisis, with the signing of the Minsk agreements within the Normandy Group. The method used is process tracing, to analyze the causal trajectory of facts linking Ostpolitik, interdependence and mediation. It is concluded that Merkel was wrong in not reducing German dependence on Russian natural gas, however, the general performance of Germany's foreign policy was not wrong when considering relations with Russia in the long term, for the construction of a European security architecture more stable. Keywords: German foreign policy; Russia; Ukraine crisis.
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spelling Merkel's mistakes in German foreign policy towards RussiaLos errores de Merkel en la política exterior alemana hacia RusiaOs erros de Merkel na política externa alemã em relação à RússiaGerman foreign policyRussiaUkraine crisispolítica exterior alemanaRusiaCrisis de UcraniaRússiaCrise na UcrâniaPolítica Externa AlemãGerman foreign policy towards Moscow during Merkel's administration was criticized for failing to dissuade Russia from committing further aggression against Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to analyze the extent to which the German Chancellor was wrong in her foreign policy towards Russia, taking into account Ostpolitik (a West German state policy aimed at Eastern Europe), the interdependence between Germany and Russia in the energy sector (with the participation of natural gas companies from both countries) and the role of mediator played by Berlin in the Ukraine crisis, with the signing of the Minsk agreements within the Normandy Group. The method used is process tracing, to analyze the causal trajectory of facts linking Ostpolitik, interdependence and mediation. It is concluded that Merkel was wrong in not reducing German dependence on Russian natural gas, however, the general performance of Germany's foreign policy was not wrong when considering relations with Russia in the long term, for the construction of a European security architecture more stable. Keywords: German foreign policy; Russia; Ukraine crisis.La política exterior alemana hacia Moscú durante el gobierno de Merkel fue criticada por no haber disuadido a Rusia de cometer nuevas agresiones contra Ucrania. El objetivo del artículo es analizar hasta qué punto la Canciller alemana se equivocó en la conducción de su política exterior hacia Rusia, teniendo en cuenta la Ostpolitik (política de Estado de Alemania Occidental dirigida a Europa del Este), la interdependencia entre Alemania y Rusia en del sector (con la participación de empresas de gas natural de ambos países) y el papel de mediador de Berlín en la crisis de Ucrania, con la firma de los acuerdos de Minsk dentro del Grupo de Normandía. El método utilizado es el process tracing, para analizar la trayectoria causal de los hechos vinculados a la Ostpolitik, la interdependencia y la mediación. Se concluye que Merkel se equivocó al no reducir la dependencia alemana del gas natural ruso, sin embargo, el desempeño general de la política exterior de Alemania no se equivocó al considerar las relaciones con Rusia a largo plazo, para la construcción de una arquitectura de seguridad europea más estable. Palabras clave: política exterior alemana; Rusia; Crisis de Ucrania.A política externa alemã voltada a Moscou durante o governo Merkel foi criticada por não ter dissuadido a Rússia a não cometer novas agressões contra a Ucrânia. O objetivo do artigo é analisar em que medida a Chanceler alemã errou na condução de sua política externa em relação à Rússia levando em consideração a Ostpolitik (uma política de Estado da Alemanha Ocidental direcionada ao Leste Europeu), a interdependência entre Alemanha e Rússia no setor de energia (com a participação de companhias de gás natural de ambos os países) e a função de ator mediador exercida por Berlim na crise de Ucrânia, com as assinaturas dos acordos de Minsk no âmbito do Grupo de Normandia. O método empregado é o process tracing, para análise da trajetória causal dos fatos ligados a Ostpolitik, a interdependência e a mediação. Conclui-se que Merkel errou em não reduzir a dependência alemã do gás natural russo, no entanto, a atuação geral da política externa da Alemanha não foi errônea ao considerar as relações com a Rússia no longo prazo, para a construção de uma arquitetura de segurança europeia mais estável.UFRGS2023-03-30info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/ConjunturaAustral/article/view/12773810.22456/2178-8839.127738Conjuntura Austral; Vol. 14 No. 65 (2023); 21-31Conjuntura Austral; Vol. 14 Núm. 65 (2023); 21-31Conjuntura Austral; v. 14 n. 65 (2023); 21-312178-8839reponame:Conjuntura Australinstname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)instacron:UFRGSporhttps://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/ConjunturaAustral/article/view/127738/88270Copyright (c) 2023 Robson Cunha Raelhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessCunha Rael, Robson2023-03-31T01:38:17Zoai:seer.ufrgs.br:article/127738Revistahttps://seer.ufrgs.br/ConjunturaAustralPUBhttps://seer.ufrgs.br/ConjunturaAustral/oaiconjunturaaustral@ufrgs.br||reisdasilva@hotmail.com||nerint@ufrgs.br||andre.reis@ufrgs.br2178-88392178-8839opendoar:https://seer.ufrgs.br/ConjunturaAustral/oaihttps://seer.ufrgs.br/ConjunturaAustral/oai2023-03-31T01:38:17Conjuntura Austral - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Merkel's mistakes in German foreign policy towards Russia
Los errores de Merkel en la política exterior alemana hacia Rusia
Os erros de Merkel na política externa alemã em relação à Rússia
title Merkel's mistakes in German foreign policy towards Russia
spellingShingle Merkel's mistakes in German foreign policy towards Russia
Cunha Rael, Robson
German foreign policy
Russia
Ukraine crisis
política exterior alemana
Rusia
Crisis de Ucrania
Rússia
Crise na Ucrânia
Política Externa Alemã
title_short Merkel's mistakes in German foreign policy towards Russia
title_full Merkel's mistakes in German foreign policy towards Russia
title_fullStr Merkel's mistakes in German foreign policy towards Russia
title_full_unstemmed Merkel's mistakes in German foreign policy towards Russia
title_sort Merkel's mistakes in German foreign policy towards Russia
author Cunha Rael, Robson
author_facet Cunha Rael, Robson
author_role author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Cunha Rael, Robson
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv German foreign policy
Russia
Ukraine crisis
política exterior alemana
Rusia
Crisis de Ucrania
Rússia
Crise na Ucrânia
Política Externa Alemã
topic German foreign policy
Russia
Ukraine crisis
política exterior alemana
Rusia
Crisis de Ucrania
Rússia
Crise na Ucrânia
Política Externa Alemã
description German foreign policy towards Moscow during Merkel's administration was criticized for failing to dissuade Russia from committing further aggression against Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to analyze the extent to which the German Chancellor was wrong in her foreign policy towards Russia, taking into account Ostpolitik (a West German state policy aimed at Eastern Europe), the interdependence between Germany and Russia in the energy sector (with the participation of natural gas companies from both countries) and the role of mediator played by Berlin in the Ukraine crisis, with the signing of the Minsk agreements within the Normandy Group. The method used is process tracing, to analyze the causal trajectory of facts linking Ostpolitik, interdependence and mediation. It is concluded that Merkel was wrong in not reducing German dependence on Russian natural gas, however, the general performance of Germany's foreign policy was not wrong when considering relations with Russia in the long term, for the construction of a European security architecture more stable. Keywords: German foreign policy; Russia; Ukraine crisis.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023-03-30
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/ConjunturaAustral/article/view/127738
10.22456/2178-8839.127738
url https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/ConjunturaAustral/article/view/127738
identifier_str_mv 10.22456/2178-8839.127738
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv por
language por
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/ConjunturaAustral/article/view/127738/88270
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Copyright (c) 2023 Robson Cunha Rael
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Copyright (c) 2023 Robson Cunha Rael
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv UFRGS
publisher.none.fl_str_mv UFRGS
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Conjuntura Austral; Vol. 14 No. 65 (2023); 21-31
Conjuntura Austral; Vol. 14 Núm. 65 (2023); 21-31
Conjuntura Austral; v. 14 n. 65 (2023); 21-31
2178-8839
reponame:Conjuntura Austral
instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
instacron:UFRGS
instname_str Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
instacron_str UFRGS
institution UFRGS
reponame_str Conjuntura Austral
collection Conjuntura Austral
repository.name.fl_str_mv Conjuntura Austral - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv conjunturaaustral@ufrgs.br||reisdasilva@hotmail.com||nerint@ufrgs.br||andre.reis@ufrgs.br
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